This lecture provides an introduction to ethics with a special focus on the challenges within process engineering. Key topics include the ethics of risk and decision-making, theories of justice and democracy, AI ethics, the future of work, and the concept of responsibility. The course aims to equip students with a critical understanding of ethical frameworks and their application in engineering practice.

Today, sustainability performance has a relevant impact on a company's economic success and reputation. This course therefore offers a sound introduction to environmental and sustainability management and the fundamental aspects of sustainability strategies, public welfare and the carbon footprint of processes and products. The aim is to develop a global understanding of the most important challenges of sustainable development. Relevant topics such as climate change, population growth, biodiversity, air and water quality and the concept of planetary boundaries are presented. An overview of the framework of environmental law and relevant standards is given. This includes the following aspects: Definition(s) of sustainability, energy and material efficiency and circular economy /Sustainable Development Goals of the UN- Product life cycle, product life cycle management / Basics of carbon footprint (CO2, water, area, etc.)/ Basics of life cycle assessment /Sustainable Manufacturing and Sustainable Services/ Circular Economy/ Remanufacturing / Reconfiguration / Update Factories. The methods of climate accounting are trained using concrete examples and case studies are presented by the students. After completing the course, students will be able to systematically analyse processes for risks and sustainability, carry out climate assessments and develop strategies to manage sustainability in the company in a targeted manner.

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

see corresponding lecture

siehe korrespondierende Vorlesung

• Description of particles and particle distributions
• Description of a separation process
• Description of a particle mixture
• Particle size reduction
• Agglomeration, particle size enlargement
• Storage and flow of bulk solids
• Basics of fluid/particle flows
• classifying processes
• Separation of particles from fluids
• Basic fluid mechanics of fluidized beds
• Pneumatic and hydraulic transport

• M. Rhodes: Introduction to Particle Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
• M.E. Fayed & L. Otten: Handbook of Powder Science & Technology, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, 1997
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 1, 2.Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1995 (German)
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 2, Springer-Verlag, 1994 (German)

Following experiments have to be carried out:

• Sieving
• Bulk properties
• Size reduction
• Mixing
• Gas cyclone
• Blaine-test, filtration
• Sedimentation

• M. Rhodes: Introduction to Particle Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
• M.E. Fayed & L. Otten: Handbook of Powder Science & Technology, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, 1997
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 1, 2.Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1995 (German)
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 2, Springer-Verlag, 1994 (German)

Process modeling: introduction, mathematical modeling, model building blocks, structured model development, analysis of model equations

Process simulation: numeric, validation, flow sheet simulation, solution strategies

Process control: process variables, control loops, model-based methods, plant-wide control

• Interfaces in MPF (boundary layers, surfactants)
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Film Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Bubbly Flows
• Mass Transfer in Film Flows
• Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Mass Transfer in Bubbly Flows
• Reactive mass Transfer in Multiphase Flows
• Film Flow: Application Trickle Bed Reactors
• Pipe Flow: Application Turbular Reactors
• Bubbly Flow: Application Bubble Column Reactors

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops and Particles, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
Fan, L.-S.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble Wake Dynamics in Liquids and Liquid-Solid Suspensions, Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, Boston, USA, 1990.
Hewitt, G.F.; Delhaye, J.M.; Zuber, N. (Ed.): Multiphase Science and Technology. Hemisphere Publishing Corp, Vol. 1/1982 bis Vol. 6/1992.
Kolev, N.I.: Multiphase flow dynamics. Springer, Vol. 1 and 2, 2002.
Levy, S.: Two-Phase Flow in Complex Systems. Verlag John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1999.
Crowe, C.T.: Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1998.

In this Problem-Based Learning unit the students have to design a multiphase reactor for a fast chemical reaction concerning optimal hydrodynamic conditions of the multiphase flow. 

The four students in each team have to:

• collect and discuss material properties and equations for design from the literature,
• calculate the optimal hydrodynamic design,
• check the plausibility of the results critically,
• write an exposé with the results.

This exposé will be used as basis for the discussion within the oral group examen of each team.

Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.R.; Lightfoot, E.N.: Transport Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2007), ISBN 978-0-470-11539-8.

Brauer, H.; Mewes, D.: Stoffaustausch einschließlich chemischer Reaktion; Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau und Frankfurt am Main (1971), ISBN: 3794100085.

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen, Sauerländer, 1971, 

Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops, and Particles, Verlag Academic Press, 1978, ISBN 012176950X, 9780121769505

Deckwer, W.-D.: Reaktionstechnik in Blasensäulen, Salle Verlag und Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München, Salzburg (1985), DOI 10.1002/CITE.330590530

Deckwer, W.-D.: Bubble Column Reactors. Wiley, New York (1992), DOI 10.1002/AIC.690380821.

Fan, L.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble wake dynamics in liquids and liquid-solid suspension. Butterworth-Heinemann, (1990), DOI 10.1016/c2009-0-24002-5.

Kraume, M., Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik, Springer Berlin, 2020, ISBN 978-3-662-60392-5.

Lienhard, J. H. (2019). A Heat Transfer Textbook, Dover Publications. ISBN:9780486837352, 0486837351.

• Introduction - Transport Processes in Chemical Engineering
• Molecular Heat- and Mass Transfer: Applications of Fourier's and Fick's Law
• Convective Heat and Mass Transfer: Applications in Process Engineering
• Unsteady State Transport Processes: Cooling & Drying
• Transport at fluidic Interfaces: Two Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal
• Transport Laws & Balance Equations  with turbulence, sinks and sources
• Experimental Determination of Transport Coefficients
• Design and Scale Up of Reactors for Heat- and Mass Transfer
• Reactive Mass Transfer 
  
• Processes with Phase Changes – Evaporization and Condensation 
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Fundamentals
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Solar Energy
  

1. Baehr, Stephan: Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley 2002.
2. Bird, Stewart, Lightfood: Transport Phenomena, Springer, 2000.
3. John H. Lienhard: A Heat Transfer Textbook,  Phlogiston Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 2008.
4. Myers: Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1971.
5. Incropera, De Witt: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley, 2002.
6. Beek, Muttzall: Transport Phenomena, Wiley, 1983.
7. Crank: The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford, 1995. 
8. Madhusudana: Thermal Contact Conductance, Springer, 1996.
9. Treybal: Mass-Transfer-Operation, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

   
   
   

   
   

The course consists of a four-hour lecture with an integrated seminar. The lecture is divided into three blocks. These blocks cover the basics of genetic modification of biocatalysts and fermentative processes, from process control and scaling to optimization and downstream processing of bioproducts.

Institute of Technical Microbiology:
The functionality of whole-cell biocatalysts and enzymes, the molecular biological principles of biological systems, and the possibilities for directed or undirected modification of organisms.

Institute of Technical Biocatalysis:
Fermentation in batch, fed-batch and chemostat
Airation of bioprocesses
Calculation of main parameters of fermentative processes

Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering:
Preparation for bioprocesses: sterilisation, inoculuum, medium composition and optimization
Upstream Processing: bioprocess scale-up and scale-down (microfluidic scale to industrial scale)
Downstream Processing: typical unit operations & overview of important bioprocess examples

Students are actively involved in the course and receive assignments, the results of which are presented in short presentations. Through these presentations, bonus points of no more than 10% of the total exam score can be achieved.

 L.A. Urry Mills, L. Cain, S.A. Wasserman, P.V. Minorsky, R.B. Orr, Cambell Biology 12th edition; Pearson publishing 2021                       

A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey:  Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2nd ed.  2006                                              

M. Doran: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Elsevier, 2nd ed. 2013.

K.-E. Jaeger, A. Liese, C. Syldatk: Introduction to Enzyme Technology, Springer, 2024

Bailey, J.E; Ollis, D.F.: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. McGraw Hill Chemical Engineering Series, 1986                               

Krahe, M.: Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2003. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.b04_381

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

Execution and evaluation of several experiments in chemical reaction engineering.

* Calculation of error propagation and error analysis
* Steady state Wicke-Kallenbach measurements of diffusivities in a catalyst pellet
* Interaction of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle, dissociation of methanol on zinc oxide
* Mass transfer in gas/liquid system
* Stability of a CSTR (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride)

Skript zur Vorlesung, als Buch in der TU-Bibliothek

Praktikumsskript

Levenspiel, O.: Chemical reaction engineering; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3. Ed., 1999 VTM 309(LB)

Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

Hill, C.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley, New York, 1977.

Fogler, H. S. : Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2006

M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken: Technische Chemie, VCH , 2006

G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, 1990

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

Execution and evaluation of several experiments in chemical reaction engineering.

* Calculation of error propagation and error analysis
* Steady state Wicke-Kallenbach measurements of diffusivities in a catalyst pellet
* Interaction of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle, dissociation of methanol on zinc oxide
* Mass transfer in gas/liquid system
* Stability of a CSTR (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride)

Skript zur Vorlesung, als Buch in der TU-Bibliothek

Praktikumsskript

Levenspiel, O.: Chemical reaction engineering; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3. Ed., 1999 VTM 309(LB)

Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

Hill, C.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley, New York, 1977.

Fogler, H. S. : Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2006

M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken: Technische Chemie, VCH , 2006

G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, 1990

1. Material- and Energybalance of the two-dimensionsal zweidimensionalen pseudo-homogeneous reactor model

2. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (Euler, Runge-Kutta, solvers for stiff problems, step controlled solvers)

3. Reactor design with one-dimensional models (ethane cracker, catalyst deactivation, tubular reactor with deactivating catalyst, moving bed reactor with regenerating catalyst, riser reactor, fluidized bed reactor)

4. Partial differential equations (classification, numerical solution Lösung, finite difference method, method of lines)

5. Examples of reactor design (isothermal tubular reactor with axial dispersion, dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene, wrong-way behaviour)

6. Boundary value problems (numerical solution, shooting method, concentration- and temperature profiles in a catalyst pellet, multiphase reactors, trickle bed reactor)

1. Lecture notes R. Horn

2. Lecture notes F. Keil

3.  G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010

4. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering are inextricably linked. About 90% of all chemical intermediates and consumer products (fuels, plastics, fertilizers etc.) are produced with the aid of catalysts. Most of them, in particular large scale products, are produced by heterogeneous catalysis viz. gaseous or liquid reactants react on solid catalysts. In multiphase reactors gases, liquids and a solid catalyst are present.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays also a key role in any future energy scenario (fuel cells, electrocatalytic splitting of water) and in environmental engineering (automotive catalysis, photocatalyic abatement of water pollutants).

Heterogeneous catalysis is an interdisciplinary science requiring knowledge of different scientific disciplines such as

• Materials Science (synthesis and characterization of solid catalysts)
• Physics (structure and electronic properties of solids, defects)
• Physical Chemistry (thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, chemical kinetics, adsorption, desorption, spectroscopy, surface chemistry, theory)
• Reaction Engineering (catalytic reactors, mass- and heat transport in catalytic reactors, multi-scale modeling, application of heterogeneous catalysis)

• J.M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas: Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH
• I. Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, WILEY-VCH
• B.C. Gates: Catalytic Chemistry, John Wiley
• R.A. van Santen, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J.A. Moulijn, B.A. Averill (Eds.): Catalysis: an integrated approach, Elsevier
• D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science, Cambridge Univ. Press
• J.W. Niemantsverdriet: Spectrocopy in Catalysis, VCH
• F. Delannay (Ed.): Characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, Marcel Dekker
• C.H. Bartholomew, R.J. Farrauto: Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes (2nd Ed.),Wiley

1. Rechtliche Grundlagen (Gesetz, Verordnung, Richtlinie, Standard/Norm)
2. Berechnungsgrundlagen Druckgeräte (AD-Regelwerk, ASME-Regelwerk, GL Vorschriften, weitere Berechungsmethoden)
3. Spannungshypothesen
4. Werkstoffauswahl, Fertigungsverfahren
5. Dünnwandige Behälter
6. Dickwandige Behälter
7. Sicherheitseinrichtungen
8. Sicherheitsanalysen
    
   Anwendungsschwerpunkte
          
9. Unterwassertechnik (bemannte und unbemannte Druckbehälter, PVHO Code)
   
10. Dampfkessel
    
11. Wärmetauscher
12. LPG, LEG Transport-tanks (Bilobe Bauart, IMO Type C tanks)

1.      Introduction: Overview, achieving high pressure, range of parameters.

2.       Influence of pressure on properties of fluids: P,v,T-behaviour, enthalpy, internal energy,     entropy, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, interfacial tension.

3.      Influence of pressure on heterogeneous equilibria: Phenomenology of phase equilibria

4.      Overview on calculation methods for (high pressure) phase equilibria).
Influence of pressure on transport processes, heat and mass transfer.

5.      Separation processes at elevated pressures: Absorption, adsorption (pressure swing adsorption), distillation (distillation of air), condensation (liquefaction of gases)

6.      Supercritical fluids as solvents: Gas extraction, cleaning, solvents in reacting systems, dyeing, impregnation, particle formation (formulation)

7.      Reactions at elevated pressures. Influence of elevated pressure on biochemical systems: Resistance against pressure

Part III :  Industrial production

8.      Reaction : Haber-Bosch-process, methanol-synthesis, polymerizations; Hydrations, pyrolysis, hydrocracking; Wet air oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)

9.      Separation : Linde Process, De-Caffeination, Petrol and Bio-Refinery

10.  Industrial High Pressure Applications in Biofuel and Biodiesel Production

11.  Sterilization and Enzyme Catalysis

12.  Solids handling in high pressure processes, feeding and removal of solids, transport within the reactor.

13.   Supercritical fluids for materials processing.

14.  Cost Engineering

After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-         understand of the influences of pressure on properties of compounds, phase equilibria, and production processes.

-         Apply high pressure approches in the complex process design tasks

-         Estimate Efficiency of high pressure alternatives with respect to investment and operational costs

1.  Presence  (28 h)

2. Oral presentation of original scientific article (15 min) with written summary

3. Written examination and Case study 

    ( 2+3 : 32 h Workload)

60 hours total

Literatur:

Script: High Pressure Chemical Engineering.
G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction/Overview on Properties of Supercritical Fluids (SCF)and their Application in Gas Extraction Processes
• Solubility of Compounds in Supercritical Fluids and Phase Equilibrium with SCF
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Fundamentals, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Applications and Processes (including Supercritical Water)
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Fundamentals and Methods, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Applications and Processes
• Solvent Cycle, Methods for Precipitation
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Fundamentals and Application
• Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (SMB)
• Membrane Separation of Gases at High Pressures
• Separation by Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (Enzymes)

G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction into the "Waste Management" consisting of:
  • Thermal Process (incinerator, RDF combustion)
  • Biological processes (Wet-/Dryfermentation)
  • technology, energy, emissions, approval , etc.
• Group work
  • design of systems/plants for energy recovery from waste
  • The following points are to be processed:
    • Input: waste (fraction collection and transportation, current quantity, material flows , possible amount of development)
    • Plant (design, process diagram, technology, energy production)
    • Output (energy quantity / type, by-products)
    • Costs and revenues
    • Climate and resource protection (CO2 balance , substitution of primary raw materials / fossil fuels)
    • Location and approval (infrastructure , expiration authorization procedure)
    • Focus at the whole concept (advantages, disadvantages , risks and opportunities , discussion)

Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft; Martin Kranert, Klaus Cord-Landwehr (Hrsg.); Vieweg + Teubner Verlag; 2010

Powerpoint-Folien in Stud IP

Waste avoidance and recycling are the focus of this lecture. Additionally, waste logistics ( Collection, transport, export, fees and taxes) as well as international waste shipment solutions are presented.

Other specific wastes, e.g. industrial waste, treatment concepts will be presented and developed by students themselves

Waste composition and production on international level, wast eulogistic, collection and treatment in emerging and developing countries.

Single national projects and studies will be prepared and presented by students

Basel convention

Kaltschmitt M., Hartmann H. (Hrsg.): Energie aus Bioamsse, Springer Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-540-64853-4

Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe,

Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. www.nachwachsende-rohstoffe.de

Bockisch M.: Nahrungsfette und -öle, Ulmer Verlag, 1993, ISBN 380000158175

The lecture offers a general introduction to the basics and possibilities of applied mathematical optimization and deals with application areas on different scales from kinetics identification, optimal design of unit operations to the optimization of entire (sub)processes, and production planning. In addition to the basic classification and formulation of optimization problems, different solution approaches are discussed. Besides deterministic gradient-based methods, metaheuristics such as evolutionary and genetic algorithms and their application are discussed as well.

- Introduction to Applied Optimization

- Formulation of optimization problems

- Linear Optimization

- Nonlinear Optimization

- Mixed-integer (non)linear optimization

- Multi-objective optimization

- Global optimization

Weicker, K., Evolutionäre Algortihmen, Springer, 2015

Edgar, T. F., Himmelblau D. M., Lasdon, L. S., Optimization of Chemical Processes, McGraw Hill, 2001

Biegler, L. Nonlinear Programming - Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Processes, 2010

Kallrath, J. Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung: Modellierung in der Praxis, Vieweg, 2002

I. Introduction

       1. Fundamentals of steady state process simulation

       1.1. Classes of simulation tools
       1.2. Sequential-modularer approach
       1.3. Operating mode of ASPEN PLUS
       2. Introduction in ASPEN PLUS
       2.1. GUI
       2.2. Estimation methods of physical properties
       2.3. Aspen tools (z.B. Designspecification)
       2.4. Convergence methods

II. Exercices using ASPEN PLUS and ACM

            Application of model databank, process synthesis

            Design specifications

            Sensitivity analysis
            Optimization tasks
            Industrial cases

- G. Fieg: Lecture notes
- Seider, W.D.; Seader, J.D.; Lewin, D.R.: Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis,
  and Evaluation; Hoboken, J. Wiley & Sons, 2010

Practical implementation of safety analyses (methods)

Safety-related parameters and methods for their determination

Hazard characteristics according to the Chemicals Act

GHS (Globally Harmonized System) for the classification and labelling of chemicals

Hazardous substances

Toxicology

Personal safety

Safety considerations in plant design

Inherently safe process design

Technical measures for plant safety

Bender, H.: Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Weinheim (2005)
Bender, H.: Das Gefahrstoffbuch. Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen in der Praxis; Weinheim (2002)
Birett, K.: Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Heidelberg (2011)
Birgersson, B.; Sterner, O.; Zimerson, E.: Chemie und Gesundheit; Weinheim (1988)

R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Chemische Technik, Prozesse und Produkte, Band 1

    Methodische Grundlagen, VCH, 2004-2006, S. 719

H. Pohle, Chemische Industrie, Umweltschutz, Arbeitsschutz, Anlagensicherheit, VCH, Weinheim, 1991

J. Steinbach, Chemische Sicherheitstechnik, VCH, Weinheim, 1995

G. Suter, Identifikation sicherheitskritischer Prozesse, P&A Kompendium, 2004

Prozess- und Anlagentechnik I und II

Thermische Grundoperationen

Wärme- und Stoffübertragung

Strömungsmechanik I und II

I. Wiederholung Grundlagen:

1. Rohrbündel Wärmeübetrager
2. Dampfkessel und Kältemaschinen
3. Pumpen und Turbinen
4. Strömung in Rohrleitungssystemen
5. Pumpen und Mischen nicht-newtonscher Fluide
6. Anforderungen eines detaillierten Anlagen-Aufstellungsplans

II. Selbstständiges Rechnen:

1. Das Planen und Auslegen eines spezifischen Anlagenteils einer Bioraffinerie in Gruppenarbeit (z.B. Ethanoldestillation oder Fermentation) auf Basis realistischer Annahmen aus der Industrie.
   • Massen- & Energiebilanzen (Aspen)
   • Spezifische Apparate Auslegung (Wärmetauscher/Pumpen/Behälter/Rohre etc.)
   • Isolierungen, Wanddicken und Behälter Material
   • Energie-, Dampf-, Kühlbedarf
   • Armaturen und Messinstrumente sowie Sicherheitseinrichtungen
   • Vorgabe der Hauptregelkreise
2. Dabei wird der Zusammenhang und die Abhängigkeiten verschiedener Phänomene deutlich und die Beschreibung des Prozesses erfolgt anhand einer tatsächlich existierenden Anlage.
3. Im Detail Engineering wird besonders auf Aspekte der Anlagenplanung eingegangen, die bei der realen Umsetzung zur Konstruktion entscheidend sind. So kann ein hoher Detailgrad erreicht werden mit dem es möglich ist einen Aufstellungsplan zu konzipieren.
4. Je nach Zeitbedarf und Gruppengröße werden auch Kostenabschätzung und die Erstellung eines ausführlichen R&I Fließbildes betrachtet

Perry, R.;Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8^th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 2007

Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014

• CAPE = Computer-Aided-Project-Engineering
  
• EINFÜHRUNG IN DIE THEORIE
  • Klassen von Simulationsprogrammen
  • Sequentiell-modularer Ansatz
  • Gleichungsorientierter Ansatz
  • Simultan-modularer Ansatz
  • Allgemeine Vorgehensweise bei der Bearbeitung von Modellierungsaufgaben
  • Spezielle Vorgehensweise zur Lösung von Modellen mit Rückführungen
• COMPUTER-ÜBUNGEN zu erneuerbaren Energieprojekten MIT ASPEN PLUS® UND ASPEN CUSTOM MODELER®
  • Anwendungsbereich, Potential und Grenzen von Aspen Plus® und Aspen Custom Modeler®
  • Benutzung der integrierten Datenbanken für Stoffdaten
  • Methoden zur Abschätzung nicht vorhandener physikalischer Stoffdaten
  • Benutzung der Modellbibliotheken und Prozesssynthese
  • Anwendung von Design-Spezifikationen und Sensitivitätsanalysen
  • Lösung von Optimierungsproblemen

Innerhalb des Seminars werden die verschiedenen Aufgabenstellungen aktiv diskutiert und auf verschiedene Anwendungsfälle angewandt.

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide
• William L. Luyben; Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
  

Design of bioreactors and peripheries:

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Exercise)

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

In dieser Lehrveranstaltung wird ein Überblick über die wichtigsten biotechnologischen Produktionsprozesse gegeben. Neben den einzelnen Verfahren und deren spezifischen Anforderungen werden auch übergreifende Aspekte der industriellen Realität adressiert wie z.B.

• Asset Lifecycle
• Digitalisierung in der Bioprozess-Industrie
• Grundprinzipien der industriellen Bioverfahrensentwicklung
• Nachhaltigkeits-Aspekte bei der Entwicklung bioverfahrenstechnischer Prozesse

Chmiel H (ed). Bioprozesstechnik, Springer 2011, ISBN: 978-3-8274-2476-1

Bailey, James and David F. Ollis: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. ‑2nd ed.; New York: McGraw Hill, 1986. 

Becker, Th. et al. (2008) Biotechnology. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a04_107/current/abstract

Doran, Pauline M.: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 2003

Hass, V. und R. Pörtner: Praxis der Bioprozesstechnik. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (2011), 2. Auflage

Krahe M (2003) Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/articles/b04_381/frame.html

Schuler, M.L. / Kargi, F.: Bioprocess Engineering - Basic concepts

Diese Lehrveranstaltung gibt einen Einblick in die Methodik bei der Entwicklung von Prozessen der Industriellen Biotechnologie. Wichtige Teilaspekte hierbei sind beispielweise die Entwicklung der Fermentation und der Aufarbeitungsschritte zum jeweiligen Zielmolekül, die Integration der Teilschritte zu einem Gesamtverfahren sowie die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens.

Chmiel H (ed). Bioprozesstechnik, Springer 2011, ISBN: 978-3-8274-2476-1 [Titel anhand dieser ISBN in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen]

Bailey, James and David F. Ollis: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. ‑2nd ed.; New York: McGraw Hill, 1986.

Becker, Th. et al. (2008) Biotechnology. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a04_107/current/abstract

Doran, Pauline M.: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 2003

Hass, V. und R. Pörtner: Praxis der Bioprozesstechnik. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (2011), 2. Auflage

Krahe M (2003) Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/articles/b04_381/frame.html

Schuler, M.L. / Kargi, F.: Bioprocess Engineering - Basic concepts

The lecture focuses primarily on presenting and discussing established imaging techniques relevant to the field of engineering including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography. Moreover, it presents and discusses a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurement techniques work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

Content: The module focuses primarily on discussing established imaging techniques including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography, and (d) ultrasound imaging and also covers a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurements work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Learning goals: After the successful completion of the course, the students shall:

1. understand the physical principles and practical aspects of the most common imaging methods,
2. be able to assess the pros and cons of these methods with regard to cost, complexity, expected contrasts, spatial and temporal resolution, and based on this assessment
3. be able to identify the most suited imaging modality for any specific engineering challenge in the field of chemical and bioprocess engineering.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

Contents

- Common variables and terms for characterizing turbulence (energy spectra, energy cascade, etc.)

- An overview of Lagrange analysis methods and experiments in fluid mechanics

- Critical examination of the concept of turbulence and turbulent structures.

-Calculation of the transport of ideal fluid elements and associated analysis methods (absolute and relative diffusion, Lagrangian Coherent Structures, etc.)

- Implementation of a Runge-Kutta 4th-order in Matlab

- Introduction to particle integration using ODE solver from Matlab

- Problems from turbulence research

- Application analytical methods with Matlab.

Structure:

- 14 units a 2x45 min. 

- 10 units lecture

- 4 Units Matlab Exercise- Go through the exercises Matlab, Peer2Peer? Explain solutions to your colleague

Learning goals:

Students receive very specific, in-depth knowledge from modern turbulence research and transport analysis. → Knowledge

The students learn to classify the acquired knowledge, they study approaches to further develop the knowledge themselves and to relate different data sources to each other. → Knowledge, skills

The students are trained in the personal competence to independently delve into and research a scientific topic. → Independence

Matlab exercises in small groups during the lecture and guided Peer2Peer discussion rounds train communication skills in complex situations. The mixture of precise language and intuitive understanding is learnt. → Knowledge, social competence

Required knowledge:

Fluid mechanics 1 and 2 advantageous

Programming knowledge advantageous

Bakunin, Oleg G. (2008): Turbulence and Diffusion. Scaling Versus Equations. Berlin [u. a.]: Springer Verlag.

Bourgoin, Mickaël; Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Berg, Jacob; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): The role of pair dispersion in turbulent flow. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5762), S. 835-838. DOI: 10.1126/science.1121726.

Davidson, P. A. (2015): Turbulence. An introduction for scientists and engineers. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Graff, L. S.; Guttu, S.; LaCasce, J. H. (2015): Relative Dispersion in the Atmosphere from Reanalysis Winds. In: J. Atmos. Sci. 72 (7), S. 2769-2785. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0225.1.

Grigoriev, Roman (2011): Transport and Mixing in Laminar Flows. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Haller, George (2015): Lagrangian Coherent Structures. In: Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 47 (1), S. 137-162. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141322.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2010): Propagation of a chemical wave front in a quasi-two-dimensional superdiffusive flow. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 81 (6 Pt 2), S. 66211. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.066211.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2011): Double cascade turbulence and Richardson dispersion in a horizontal fluid flow induced by Faraday waves. In: Physical review letters 107 (7), S. 74502. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.074502.

Kameke, A.v.; Kastens, S.; Rüttinger, S.; Herres-Pawlis, S.; Schlüter, M. (2019): How coherent structures dominate the residence time in a bubble wake: An experimental example. In: Chemical Engineering Science 207, S. 317-326. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.033.

Klages, Rainer; Radons, Günter; Sokolov, Igor M. (2008): Anomalous Transport: Wiley.

LaCasce, J. H. (2008): Statistics from Lagrangian observations. In: Progress in Oceanography 77 (1), S. 1-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.02.002.

Neufeld, Zoltán; Hernández-García, Emilio (2009): Chemical and Biological Processes in Fluid Flows: PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO.

Onu, K.; Huhn, F.; Haller, G. (2015): LCS Tool: A computational platform for Lagrangian coherent structures. In: Journal of Computational Science 7, S. 26-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2014.12.002.

Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Bourgoin, Mickaël; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): An experimental study of turbulent relative dispersion models. In: New J. Phys. 8 (6), S. 109. DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/8/6/109.

Pope, Stephen B. (2000): Turbulent Flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rivera, M. K.; Ecke, R. E. (2005): Pair dispersion and doubling time statistics in two-dimensional turbulence. In: Physical review letters 95 (19), S. 194503. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.194503.

Vallis, Geoffrey K. (2010): Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. Fundamentals and large-scale circulation. 5. printing. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Introduction to aerated stirred tank reactors and alternative reactor concepts
• Mixing and mass transfer performance (example with M-STAR)
• Energy dissipation rates and shear stress 
• Gas holdup and bubble size distribution
• Experimental methods for the characterization of aerated stirred tank reactors
• Common design and scale up concepts
• Concept of compartments
• Design and scale up assisted by Computational Fluid Dynamics 

• Introduction to biopharma including biopharmaceutical products (e.g. vaccine)
• Biopharma market
• Clinical studies
• Quality of products
• Drug substance process development (cell therapy)
• Drug product development 
• Insilico process development (equipment, process, digital twin) 
• Scale-up, transfer and production of biopharmaceutical products 
• Regulatory topics and market authorization
• Biopharma lab & production planning
• Data, handling, statistics, Experiment Planning (DOE)
• Capacity modeling, Software “Bio-G”

In the lecture methods for the reduction of emissions from industrial plants are treated. At the beginning a short survey of the different forms of air pollutants is given. In the second part physical principals for the removal of particulate and gaseous pollutants form flue gases are treated. Industrial applications of these principles are demonstrated with examples showing the removal of specific compounds, e.g. sulfur or mercury from flue gases of incinerators.

Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002
Atmospheric pollution : history, science, and regulation, Mark Zachary Jacobson. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002
Air pollution control technology handbook, Karl B. Schnelle. - Boca Raton [u.a.] : CRC Press, c 2002
Air pollution, Jeremy Colls. - 2. ed. - London [u.a.] : Spon, 2002

The focus is on getting to know the organization and practice of waste management companies. Topics such as planning, financing and logistics will be discussed and there will be an excursion (waste incineration plant, vehicle fleet and collection systems / containers).

Project based learning: You will be given a task to work on independently in groups of 4 to 6 students. All tools and data needed for the project work will be discussed in the lecture "Recycling Technologies and Thermal Waste Treatment". Course documents can be downloaded from StudIP. Communication during the project work also takes place via StudIP.

• Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft; Martin Kranert, Klaus Cord-Landwehr (Hrsg.); Vieweg + Teubner Verlag; 2010 
• PowerPoint Präsentationen in Stud IP

• Introduction, actual state-of-the-art of waste incineration, aims. legal background, reaction principals
• basics of incineration processes: waste composition, calorific value, calculation of air demand and flue gas composition 
• Incineration techniques: grate firing, ash transfer, boiler
• Flue gas cleaning: Volume, composition, legal frame work and emission limits, dry treatment, scrubber, de-nox techniques, dioxin elimination, Mercury elimination
• Ash treatment: Mass, quality, treatment concepts, recycling, disposal

Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J. (Hrsg.): Thermische Abfallbehandlung Bande 1-7. EF-Verlag für Energie- und Umwelttechnik, Berlin, 196 - 2013.

• Allgemeine Übersicht über verschiedene strombasierte Kraftstoffe und deren Prozesspfade, u.a. Power-to-Liquid Prozess (Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese, Methanol Synthese), Power-to-Gas (Sabatier-Prozess)

• Herkunft, Herstellung und Verwendung der Kraftstoffe

• Vorlesungsskript

• Allgemeine Übersicht über verschiedene Advanced Biofuels und deren Prozesspfade (u.a. Gas-to-Liquid, HEFA und Alcohol-to-Jet Prozesse)

• Herkunft, Herstellung und Verwendung der Kraftstoffe

  
  

• Babu, V.: Biofuels Production. Beverly, Mass: Scrivener [u.a.], 2013
• Olsson, L.: Biofuels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007
• William, L. L.: Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
• Perry, R.; Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 20
• Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014
• Kaltschmitt, M.; Neuling, U. (Ed.): Biokerosene - Status and Prospects; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2018

Anwendung der erlernten theoretischen Kenntnisse aus den jeweiligen Vorlesungen anhand konkreter Aufgaben aus der Praxis

• Auslegung und Simulation von Teilprozessen der Produktionsprozesse in Aspen Plus ®
• Ökologische und ökonomische Analyse von Kraftstoffbereitstellungspfaden
• Einordnung von Fallbeispielen in geltende Regularien

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide

Gesamtheitliche Betrachtung der unterschiedlichen Kraftstoffpfade mit u. a folgenden Themenschwerpunkten:

• Betrachtung der ökologischen Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Kraftstoffe
• Ökonomische Betrachtung der verschiedenen alternativen Kraftstoffe
• Regulatorischer Rahmen alternativer Kraftstoffe
• Zertifizierung von alternativen Kraftstoffen
• Markteinführungsmodelle alternativer Kraftstoffe

• European Commission - Joint Research Center (2010): International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook - General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. Joint Research Center (JRC) Institut for Environment and Sustainability, Luxembourg

• Richtlinie (EU) 2018/2001 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 11. Dezember 2018 zur Förderung der Nutzung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

Introduction: definition, fluidization regimes, comparison with other types of gas/solids reactors
Typical fluidized bed applications
Fluidmechanical principle
Local fluid mechanics of gas/solid fluidization
Fast fluidization (circulating fluidized bed)
Entrainment
Solids mixing in fluidized beds
Application of fluidized beds to granulation and drying processes

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

Experiments:

• Determination of the minimum fluidization velocity
• Heat transfer in fluidized beds
• Granulation
• Spray drying
• Freeze drying

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

• Fundamental knowledge different drying technologies
• Understand and calculate heat and mass transfer processes involved in the different drying technologies
• Learn about most important types of dryers for industrial applications

• Mujumdar, A. S., & Tsotsas, E. (2007). Modern drying technology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
• Krischer, O., Kast, W., & Kröll, K. (1978). Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Trocknungstechnik (3., neubearb. Aufl.). Berlin [u.a.]: Springer.

Exercises and calculation examples for the lectures Fluidization Technology and Drying Technology

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

The course consists of a four-hour lecture with an integrated seminar. The lecture is divided into three blocks. These blocks cover the basics of genetic modification of biocatalysts and fermentative processes, from process control and scaling to optimization and downstream processing of bioproducts.

Institute of Technical Microbiology:
The functionality of whole-cell biocatalysts and enzymes, the molecular biological principles of biological systems, and the possibilities for directed or undirected modification of organisms.

Institute of Technical Biocatalysis:
Fermentation in batch, fed-batch and chemostat
Airation of bioprocesses
Calculation of main parameters of fermentative processes

Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering:
Preparation for bioprocesses: sterilisation, inoculuum, medium composition and optimization
Upstream Processing: bioprocess scale-up and scale-down (microfluidic scale to industrial scale)
Downstream Processing: typical unit operations & overview of important bioprocess examples

Students are actively involved in the course and receive assignments, the results of which are presented in short presentations. Through these presentations, bonus points of no more than 10% of the total exam score can be achieved.

 L.A. Urry Mills, L. Cain, S.A. Wasserman, P.V. Minorsky, R.B. Orr, Cambell Biology 12th edition; Pearson publishing 2021                       

A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey:  Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2nd ed.  2006                                              

M. Doran: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Elsevier, 2nd ed. 2013.

K.-E. Jaeger, A. Liese, C. Syldatk: Introduction to Enzyme Technology, Springer, 2024

Bailey, J.E; Ollis, D.F.: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. McGraw Hill Chemical Engineering Series, 1986                               

Krahe, M.: Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2003. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.b04_381

The participants are divided into groups. Each group prepares a transcript on the experiment performed, which is then used as basis for discussing the results and to evaluate the performance of the group and the individual student.

In some experiments the test procedure and the results are presented in seminar form, accompanied by discussion and results evaluation.

Experiments ar e.g.

Screening  and particle size determination

Fos/Tac

AAS

Chalorific value

1. Introduction
2. biological basics
3. determination process specific material characterization
4. aerobic degradation ( Composting, stabilization)
5. anaerobic degradation (Biogas production, fermentation)
6. Technical layout and process design
7. Flue gas treatment
8. Plant design practical phase

This lecture covers the fundamentals magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). It focuses on the following topics:

1. The fundamentals of magnetic resonance: magnetism, magnetic fields, radiofrequency, spin, relaxation
2. Hardware for magnetic resonance: magnets (high-field and low-field), radiofrequency coil design, magnetic field gradients
3. NMR-Spectroscopy: chemical shift, J-Coupling, 2D NMR, solid-state, MAS
4. Relaxometry: single-sided NMR, contrasts,
5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): gradients, coils, k-space, imaging sequences, ultrafast Imaging, parallel imaging, velocimetry, CEST
6. Hyperpolarization techniques: DNP, p-H2, optical pumping with Xe
7. Applications of magnetic resonance in chemical engineering
8. Applications of magnetic resonance in material science and engineering
9. Applications of magnetic resonance in biomedical engineering    

Stapf, S., & Han, S. (2006). NMR imaging in chemical engineering. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN: 978-3-527-60719-8

Blümich B., (2003) NMR imaging of materials. Oxford University Press, Online- ISBN: 9780191709524 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526766.001.0001

Brown R. W., Cheng Y. N., Haacke E. M., Thompson M. R., Venkatesan R., (2014) Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., doi: 10.1002/9781118633953

Haber-Pohlmeier, Sabina, Bernhard Blumich, and Luisa Ciobanu, (2022) Magnetic Resonance Microscopy: Instrumentation and Applications in Engineering, Life Science, and Energy Research. John Wiley & Sons

In this course, the theoretical basics of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance tomography are supplemented with practical experiments on the respective devices. The practical handling and operation of the equipment will be learned. 

Stapf, S., & Han, S. (2006). NMR imaging in chemical engineering. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN: 978-3-527-60719-8 

Blümich B., (2003) NMR imaging of materials. Oxford University Press, Online- ISBN: 9780191709524, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526766.001.0001

Brown R. W., Cheng Y. N., Haacke E. M., Thompson M. R., Venkatesan R., (2014) Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., doi: 10.1002/9781118633953

Process modeling: introduction, mathematical modeling, model building blocks, structured model development, analysis of model equations

Process simulation: numeric, validation, flow sheet simulation, solution strategies

Process control: process variables, control loops, model-based methods, plant-wide control

This lecture introduces a number of significant research topics in fluid mechanics and their up-to-date progresses. Through the lecture, students will learn how to solve real scientific and engineering flow problems using numerical and experimental methods. The lecture helps the students to prepare for their master thesis. The detailed contents include:

• Wall bounded flows (channel flows; pipe flows; wall roughness)
• Convection in porous media (multiscale physics; flow instabilities)
• Flows in turbomachinery (compressor/turbine cascades; wind turbines)
• Flows in biological and physiological processes (digestion in stomach; respiratory system
  
• Interfacial mass transfer of bubbly flows
• Comparison between experiments and simulation, experimental validation

• Combustion in engines (optional)

Numerische Strömungsmechanik, Joel H. Ferziger, Milovan Perić  &  Robert L. Street, Springer Vieweg, 2020

Strömungsmechanik, Heinz Herwig & Bastian Schmandt, Springer Vieweg, 2015.

Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow, Christopher E. Brennen, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

OpenFOAM User Guide, version 11, 11th July 2023.

OpenFOAM Programmer’s Guide, Version 3.0.1, 2015

• Flow measurement techniques (Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry,...)
• Concentration measurement techniques (Laser Induced Fluorescence, UV/VIS Imaging, …)
• Measurement of Particle Size Distribution (Bubbles, Droplets, Particles)
• Measurement techniques for Microflows
• Measurement techniques for Multiphase flows in industrial application

Raffel, M.; Willert, C.E.; Wereley, S.T.; Kompenhans, J.: Particle Image Velocimetry, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg (2007), ISBN 978-3-642-43166-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0.

Schlüter, M. (2011). Lokale Messverfahren für Mehrphasenströmungen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 83. (7), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201100039

Exemplary measurements in the laboratory of the Institute of Multiphase Flows:

• Flow measurements(Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry,...)
• Concentration measurements (Laser Induced Fluorescence, UV/VIS Imaging, …)
• Particle Size Distribution measurements (Bubbles, Droplets, Particles)
• Measurements in microflows
  

Raffel, M.; Willert, C.E.; Wereley, S.T.; Kompenhans, J.: Particle Image Velocimetry, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg (2007), ISBN 978-3-642-43166-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0.

Schlüter, M. (2011). Lokale Messverfahren für Mehrphasenströmungen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 83. (7), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201100039

• Introduction: overview, history of chromatography, LC (HPLC), GC, SFC
• Fundamentals of linear (analytical) chromatography, retention time/factor, separation factor, peak resolution, band broadening, Van-Deemter equation
• Fundamentals of nonlinear chromatography, discontinuous and continuous preparative chromatography (annular, true moving bed - TMB, simulated moving bed - SMB)
• Adsorption equilibrium: experimental determination of adsorption isotherms and modeling
• Equipment for chromatography, production and characterization of chromatographic adsorbents
  
• Method development, scale up methods, process design, modeling of chromatographic processes, economic aspects
• Applications: e.g. normal phase chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, chiral chromatography, bioaffinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography

• Schmidt-Traub, H.: Preparative Chromatography of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Agents. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2005) - eBook
• Carta, G.: Protein chromatography: process development and scale-up. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2010)
• Guiochon, G.; Lin, B.: Modeling for Preparative Chromatography. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2003)
• Hagel, L.: Handbook of process chromatography: development, manufacturing, validation and economics. London ;Burlington, MA Academic (2008) - eBook

• Introduction: overview about the separation process in biotechnology and pharmacy
• Handling of multicomponent systems
• Adsorption of biologic molecules
• Crystallization of biologic molecules
• Reactive extraction
• Aqueous two-phase systems
• Micellar systems: micellar extraction and micellar chromatographie
• Electrophoresis
•  Choice of the separation process for the specific systems

• Basic knowledge of separation processes for biotechnological and pharmaceutical processes
• Identification of specific features and limitations in bio-related systems
• Proof of economical value of the process

"Handbook of Bioseparations", Ed. S. Ahuja

http://www.elsevier.com/books/handbook-of-bioseparations-2/ahuja/978-0-12-045540-9

"Bioseparations Engineering" M. R. Ladish

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471244767.html

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology - The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology - Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology - The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology - Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

The seminar deals with the basic idea as well as with core elements, advantages and challenges of the circular economy using concrete examples. The transition from linear to circular material flows is illustrated using the aspects of product design, reuse, recycling, avoidance (resource conservation) and the sharing economy. The concepts and examples presented are discussed with the students, deepened in group work and then presented.

Suitable literature will be announced in the course.

This course presents actual methodologies and examples of environmental relevant, sustainable technologies, concepts and strategies in the field of energy supply, product design, water supply, waste water treatment or mobility.

The following list shows examples:

• Production and use of biochar
• Energy production with algae
• Environmentally friendly product design
• Clean development mechanisms
• Democracy and energy
• Alternative mobility

1. Stoffliche Eigenschaften: Rheologie, Transportgrößen, Meßtechnik, Qualitätsaspekte

2. Prozesse bei Umgebungsbedingungen, bei erhöhten Temperaturen und Drücken

3. Energetische Bewertung 

4. Ausgewählte Prozesse: Speiseölherstellung; Röstkaffee

M. Bockisch: Handbuch der Lebensmitteltechnologie , Stuttgart, 1993