• Description of particles and particle distributions
• Description of a separation process
• Description of a particle mixture
• Particle size reduction
• Agglomeration, particle size enlargement
• Storage and flow of bulk solids
• Basics of fluid/particle flows
• classifying processes
• Separation of particles from fluids
• Basic fluid mechanics of fluidized beds
• Pneumatic and hydraulic transport

• M. Rhodes: Introduction to Particle Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
• M.E. Fayed & L. Otten: Handbook of Powder Science & Technology, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, 1997
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 1, 2.Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1995 (German)
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 2, Springer-Verlag, 1994 (German)

Following experiments have to be carried out:

• Sieving
• Bulk properties
• Size reduction
• Mixing
• Gas cyclone
• Blaine-test, filtration
• Sedimentation

• M. Rhodes: Introduction to Particle Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
• M.E. Fayed & L. Otten: Handbook of Powder Science & Technology, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, 1997
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 1, 2.Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1995 (German)
• M. Stieß: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik 2, Springer-Verlag, 1994 (German)

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

• Introduction: overview, history of chromatography, LC (HPLC), GC, SFC
• Fundamentals of linear (analytical) chromatography, retention time/factor, separation factor, peak resolution, band broadening, Van-Deemter equation
• Fundamentals of nonlinear chromatography, discontinuous and continuous preparative chromatography (annular, true moving bed - TMB, simulated moving bed - SMB)
• Adsorption equilibrium: experimental determination of adsorption isotherms and modeling
• Equipment for chromatography, production and characterization of chromatographic adsorbents
  
• Method development, scale up methods, process design, modeling of chromatographic processes, economic aspects
• Applications: e.g. normal phase chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, chiral chromatography, bioaffinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography

• Schmidt-Traub, H.: Preparative Chromatography of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Agents. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2005) - eBook
• Carta, G.: Protein chromatography: process development and scale-up. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2010)
• Guiochon, G.; Lin, B.: Modeling for Preparative Chromatography. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2003)
• Hagel, L.: Handbook of process chromatography: development, manufacturing, validation and economics. London ;Burlington, MA Academic (2008) - eBook

• Introduction: overview about the separation process in biotechnology and pharmacy
• Handling of multicomponent systems
• Adsorption of biologic molecules
• Crystallization of biologic molecules
• Reactive extraction
• Aqueous two-phase systems
• Micellar systems: micellar extraction and micellar chromatographie
• Electrophoresis
•  Choice of the separation process for the specific systems

• Basic knowledge of separation processes for biotechnological and pharmaceutical processes
• Identification of specific features and limitations in bio-related systems
• Proof of economical value of the process

"Handbook of Bioseparations", Ed. S. Ahuja

http://www.elsevier.com/books/handbook-of-bioseparations-2/ahuja/978-0-12-045540-9

"Bioseparations Engineering" M. R. Ladish

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471244767.html

1. Introduction: Impact and potential of enzyme-catalysed processes in biotechnology.

2. History of microbial and enzymatic biotransformations.

3. Chirality - definition & measurement

4. Basic biochemical reactions, structure and function of enzymes.

5. Biocatalytic retrosynthesis of asymmetric molecules

6. Enzyme kinetics: mechanisms, calculations, multisubstrate reactions.

7. Reactors for biotransformations.

• K. Faber: Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry, Springer, 5th Ed., 2004
• A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
• R. B. Silverman: The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions, Academic Press, 2000
• K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. VCH, 2005.
• R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

1. Introduction

2. Production and Down Stream Processing of Biocatalysts

3. Analytics (offline/online)

4. Reaction Engineering & Process Control

• Definitions
• Reactors
• Membrane Processes
• Immobilization

5. Process Optimization

• Simplex / DOE / GA

6. Examples of Industrial Processes

• food / feed
• fine chemicals

7. Non-Aqueous Solvents as Reaction Media

• ionic liquids
• scCO2
• solvent free

•  A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
•  H. Chmiel: Bioprozeßtechnik, Elsevier, 2005
•  K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology, VCH, 2005
•  R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

• Interfaces in MPF (boundary layers, surfactants)
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Film Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Bubbly Flows
• Mass Transfer in Film Flows
• Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Mass Transfer in Bubbly Flows
• Reactive mass Transfer in Multiphase Flows
• Film Flow: Application Trickle Bed Reactors
• Pipe Flow: Application Turbular Reactors
• Bubbly Flow: Application Bubble Column Reactors

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops and Particles, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
Fan, L.-S.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble Wake Dynamics in Liquids and Liquid-Solid Suspensions, Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, Boston, USA, 1990.
Hewitt, G.F.; Delhaye, J.M.; Zuber, N. (Ed.): Multiphase Science and Technology. Hemisphere Publishing Corp, Vol. 1/1982 bis Vol. 6/1992.
Kolev, N.I.: Multiphase flow dynamics. Springer, Vol. 1 and 2, 2002.
Levy, S.: Two-Phase Flow in Complex Systems. Verlag John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1999.
Crowe, C.T.: Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1998.

Introduction

Process Synthesis

Synthesis of Heat Recovery Systems

Process Control

J. M. Douglas, Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes, McGraw-Hill, 1988
J.L.A. Koolen, Design of Simple and Robust Process Plants, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001
T. McAvoy, Interaction Analysis, Instrument Society of Amerika, 1983
B.A. Ogunnaike, W.H. Ray, Process Dynamics, Modeling and Control, Oxford University Press, 1994

• Introduction - Transport Processes in Chemical Engineering
• Molecular Heat- and Mass Transfer: Applications of Fourier's and Fick's Law
• Convective Heat and Mass Transfer: Applications in Process Engineering
• Unsteady State Transport Processes: Cooling & Drying
• Transport at fluidic Interfaces: Two Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal
• Transport Laws & Balance Equations  with turbulence, sinks and sources
• Experimental Determination of Transport Coefficients
• Design and Scale Up of Reactors for Heat- and Mass Transfer
• Reactive Mass Transfer 
  
• Processes with Phase Changes – Evaporization and Condensation 
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Fundamentals
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Solar Energy
  

1. Baehr, Stephan: Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley 2002.
2. Bird, Stewart, Lightfood: Transport Phenomena, Springer, 2000.
3. John H. Lienhard: A Heat Transfer Textbook,  Phlogiston Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 2008.
4. Myers: Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1971.
5. Incropera, De Witt: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley, 2002.
6. Beek, Muttzall: Transport Phenomena, Wiley, 1983.
7. Crank: The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford, 1995. 
8. Madhusudana: Thermal Contact Conductance, Springer, 1996.
9. Treybal: Mass-Transfer-Operation, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

   
   
   

   
   

1. Material- and Energybalance of the two-dimensionsal zweidimensionalen pseudo-homogeneous reactor model

2. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (Euler, Runge-Kutta, solvers for stiff problems, step controlled solvers)

3. Reactor design with one-dimensional models (ethane cracker, catalyst deactivation, tubular reactor with deactivating catalyst, moving bed reactor with regenerating catalyst, riser reactor, fluidized bed reactor)

4. Partial differential equations (classification, numerical solution Lösung, finite difference method, method of lines)

5. Examples of reactor design (isothermal tubular reactor with axial dispersion, dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene, wrong-way behaviour)

6. Boundary value problems (numerical solution, shooting method, concentration- and temperature profiles in a catalyst pellet, multiphase reactors, trickle bed reactor)

1. Lecture notes R. Horn

2. Lecture notes F. Keil

3.  G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010

4. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering are inextricably linked. About 90% of all chemical intermediates and consumer products (fuels, plastics, fertilizers etc.) are produced with the aid of catalysts. Most of them, in particular large scale products, are produced by heterogeneous catalysis viz. gaseous or liquid reactants react on solid catalysts. In multiphase reactors gases, liquids and a solid catalyst are present.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays also a key role in any future energy scenario (fuel cells, electrocatalytic splitting of water) and in environmental engineering (automotive catalysis, photocatalyic abatement of water pollutants).

Heterogeneous catalysis is an interdisciplinary science requiring knowledge of different scientific disciplines such as

• Materials Science (synthesis and characterization of solid catalysts)
• Physics (structure and electronic properties of solids, defects)
• Physical Chemistry (thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, chemical kinetics, adsorption, desorption, spectroscopy, surface chemistry, theory)
• Reaction Engineering (catalytic reactors, mass- and heat transport in catalytic reactors, multi-scale modeling, application of heterogeneous catalysis)

• J.M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas: Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH
• I. Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, WILEY-VCH
• B.C. Gates: Catalytic Chemistry, John Wiley
• R.A. van Santen, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J.A. Moulijn, B.A. Averill (Eds.): Catalysis: an integrated approach, Elsevier
• D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science, Cambridge Univ. Press
• J.W. Niemantsverdriet: Spectrocopy in Catalysis, VCH
• F. Delannay (Ed.): Characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, Marcel Dekker
• C.H. Bartholomew, R.J. Farrauto: Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes (2nd Ed.),Wiley

Design of bioreactors and peripheries:

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Design of bioreactors and peripheries (Exercise/Practical):

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Exercise)

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Lecture and PBL

- Methods in genetics / molecular cloning

- Industrial relevance of microbes and their biocatalysts

- Biotransformation at extreme conditions

- Genomics

- Protein engineering techniques

- Synthetic biology

Relevante Literatur wird im Kurs zur Verfügung gestellt.

Grundwissen in Molekularbiologie, Genetik, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie erforderlich.

Lehrbuch: Brock - Mikrobiologie / Microbiology (Madigan et al.)

• History of microbiology and biotechnology
• Enzymes
• Molecular biology
• Fermentation
• Downstream Processing
  
• Industrial microbiological processes
• Technical enzyme application
• Biological Waste Water treatment 

Microbiology,  2013, Madigan, M., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D. A., Clark, D. P. (eds.), formerly „Brock“, Pearson

Industrielle Mikrobiologie, 2012, Sahm, H., Antranikian, G., Stahmann, K.-P., Takors, R. (eds.) Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. 

Angewandte Mikrobiologie, 2005, Antranikian, G. (ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo.

Im Projektierungskurs sollen die Studierenden in Arbeitsgruppen den Gesamtkomplex einer energie- oder verfahrenstechnischen Anlage planen, die einzelnen Anlagenkomponenten auslegen und berechnen sowie eine vollständige Kostenkalkulation erarbeiten. Bei der Projektierung sind sicherheitstechnische Aspekte zu berücksichtigen sowie das Genehmigungsverfahren/Behördenengineering.

Die Studierenden bearbeiten ein Teilprojekt in einem aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojekt eines Instituts der Vertiefungsrichtung.

Der Inhalt dieses Teilprojekts kann theoretischer Natur oder experimenteller Natur sein bzw. Theorie und Experiment miteinander verbinden. Das Forschungsprojekt kann auch dazu dienen, eine nachfolgende Masterarbeit vorzubereiten, z.B. durch Durchführung einer Literaturrechereche oder von Vorexperimenten.   

Bücher, Zeitschriften und Patentliteratur des jeweiligen Forschungsgebiets.

Books, journals and patent literature of the respective field of research. 

• Vorbesprechung mit Diskussion der Seminarspielregeln
• Ausgabe der Themen aus dem Bereich des Seminarthemas an einzelne Studierende / Gruppen von Studierenden (je nach Anzahl der teilnehmenden Studierenden)
• Abgabe einer 5-seitigen Zusammenfassung des Seminarthemas und Verteilung an die Teilnehmer durch den Studierenden / die Gruppe von Studierenden
• Vortrag des bearbeiteten Themas (30 min) mit PPT-Präsentation und anschließende Diskussion (ca. 20 min)
• Teilnahmepflicht bei allen Seminaren

• Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

• Vorbesprechung mit Diskussion der Seminarspielregeln
• Ausgabe der Themen aus dem Bereich des Seminarthemas an einzelne Studierende / Gruppen von Studierenden (je nach Anzahl der teilnehmenden Studierenden)
• Abgabe einer 5-seitigen Zusammenfassung des Seminarthemas und Verteilung an die Teilnehmer durch den Studierenden / die Gruppe von Studierenden
• Vortrag des bearbeiteten Themas (30 min) mit PPT-Präsentation und anschließende Diskussion (ca. 20 min)
• Teilnahmepflicht bei allen Seminaren

Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology – The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology – The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

1. Rechtliche Grundlagen (Gesetz, Verordnung, Richtlinie, Standard/Norm)
2. Berechnungsgrundlagen Druckgeräte (AD-Regelwerk, ASME-Regelwerk, GL Vorschriften, weitere Berechungsmethoden)
3. Spannungshypothesen
4. Werkstoffauswahl, Fertigungsverfahren
5. Dünnwandige Behälter
6. Dickwandige Behälter
7. Sicherheitseinrichtungen
8. Sicherheitsanalysen
    
   Anwendungsschwerpunkte
          
9. Unterwassertechnik (bemannte und unbemannte Druckbehälter, PVHO Code)
   
10. Dampfkessel
    
11. Wärmetauscher
12. LPG, LEG Transport-tanks (Bilobe Bauart, IMO Type C tanks)

1.      Introduction: Overview, achieving high pressure, range of parameters.

2.       Influence of pressure on properties of fluids: P,v,T-behaviour, enthalpy, internal energy,     entropy, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, interfacial tension.

3.      Influence of pressure on heterogeneous equilibria: Phenomenology of phase equilibria

4.      Overview on calculation methods for (high pressure) phase equilibria).
Influence of pressure on transport processes, heat and mass transfer.

5.      Separation processes at elevated pressures: Absorption, adsorption (pressure swing adsorption), distillation (distillation of air), condensation (liquefaction of gases)

6.      Supercritical fluids as solvents: Gas extraction, cleaning, solvents in reacting systems, dyeing, impregnation, particle formation (formulation)

7.      Reactions at elevated pressures. Influence of elevated pressure on biochemical systems: Resistance against pressure

Part III :  Industrial production

8.      Reaction : Haber-Bosch-process, methanol-synthesis, polymerizations; Hydrations, pyrolysis, hydrocracking; Wet air oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)

9.      Separation : Linde Process, De-Caffeination, Petrol and Bio-Refinery

10.  Industrial High Pressure Applications in Biofuel and Biodiesel Production

11.  Sterilization and Enzyme Catalysis

12.  Solids handling in high pressure processes, feeding and removal of solids, transport within the reactor.

13.   Supercritical fluids for materials processing.

14.  Cost Engineering

After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-         understand of the influences of pressure on properties of compounds, phase equilibria, and production processes.

-         Apply high pressure approches in the complex process design tasks

-         Estimate Efficiency of high pressure alternatives with respect to investment and operational costs

1.  Presence  (28 h)

2. Oral presentation of original scientific article (15 min) with written summary

3. Written examination and Case study 

    ( 2+3 : 32 h Workload)

60 hours total

Literatur:

Script: High Pressure Chemical Engineering.
G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction/Overview on Properties of Supercritical Fluids (SCF)and their Application in Gas Extraction Processes
• Solubility of Compounds in Supercritical Fluids and Phase Equilibrium with SCF
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Fundamentals, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Applications and Processes (including Supercritical Water)
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Fundamentals and Methods, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Applications and Processes
• Solvent Cycle, Methods for Precipitation
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Fundamentals and Application
• Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (SMB)
• Membrane Separation of Gases at High Pressures
• Separation by Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (Enzymes)

G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Participants Workshop: Design of the most attractive productive Town
• Keynote lecture and video
• The limits of Urbanization / Green Cities
• The tragedy of the Rural: Soil degradation, agro chemical toxification, migration to cities
• Global Ecovillage Network: Upsides and Downsides around the World
• Visit of an Ecovillage
• Participants Workshop: Resources for thriving rural areas, Short presentations by participants, video competion
• TUHH Rural Development Toolbox
• TUHH Rural Development Toolbox (cont.)
• Integrated New Town Development
• Participants workshop: Design of New Towns: Northern, Arid and Tropical cases
• Outreach: Participants campaign
• City with the Rural: Resilience, quality of live and productive biodiversity
• Exam with color pencils: Design of a New Town

• Ralf Otterpohl 2013: Gründer-Gruppen als Lebensentwurf: "Synergistische Wertschöpfung in erweiterten Kleinstadt- und Dorfstrukturen", in „Regionales Zukunftsmanagement Band 7: Existenzgründung unter regionalökonomischer Perspektive, Pabst Publisher, Lengerich
• http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk (Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation)
• TEDx New Town Ralf Otterpohl: http://youtu.be/_M0J2u9BrbU

• Participants Workshop: Awareness of global water problems; role play’s, theatre, pantomime, developing a song and else
• Keynote lecture and video
• Water & Soil: Water availability as a consequence of healthy soils
• Water and it’s utilization, Integrated Urban Water Management
• Water & Energy, lecture and panel discussion pro and con for a specific big dam project
• Rainwater Harvesting on Catchment level, Holistic Planned Grazing, Multi-Use-Reforestation
• Sanitation and Reuse of water, nutrients and soil conditioners, Conventional and Innovative Approaches
• Video contest: Participants groups search, introduce, show and discuss excellent short water videos
•  Why are there excreta in water? Public Health, Awareness Campaigns
• Seminar: Participants prepare and give 5 min presentations
• Rehearsal session, Q&A
• Exam

• Montgomery, David R. 2007: Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations, University of California Press
• Liu, John D.: http://eempc.org/hope-in-a-changing_climate/ (Integrated regeneration of the Loess Plateau, China, and sites in Ethiopia and Rwanda)
• http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk (Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation)

Numerische Verfahren für Anfangswertprobleme

• Einschrittverfahren
  
• Mehrschrittverfahren
• Steife Probleme
• Differentiell-algebraische Gleichungen vom Index 1

Numerische Verfahren für Randwertaufgaben

• Anfangswertmethoden
• Mehrzielmethode
• Differenzenverfahren
• Variationsmethoden
  

• E. Hairer, S. Noersett, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I: Nonstiff Problems
• E. Hairer, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations II: Stiff and Differential-Algebraic Problems
  

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Some lectures will be carried out as computer exercises
  
• Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
• The ensemble concept
• The classical limit
• Intermolecular potentials, force fields
• Monte Carlo simulations (acceptance rules) (Übungen im Rechnerpool) (exercises in computer pool)
• Molecular Dynamics Simulations (integration of equations of motion, calculating transport properties) (exercises in computer pool)
• Molecular simulation of Phase equilibria (Gibbs Ensemble)
  
• Methods for the calculation of free energies
  

Daan Frenkel, Berend Smit: Understanding Molecular Simulation, Academic Press

M. P. Allen, D. J. Tildesley: Computer Simulations of Liquids, Oxford Univ. Press 

A.R. Leach: Molecular Modelling – Principles and Applications, Prentice Hall, N.Y.

D. A. McQuarrie: Statistical Mechanics, University Science Books

T. L. Hill: Statistical Mechanics , Dover Publications 

- foundations of problem solving and system modeling, discrete event systems
- properties of processes, modeling using automata and Petri-nets
- design considerations for processes (mutex, deadlock avoidance, liveness)
- optimal scheduling for processes
- optimal decisions when planning manufacturing systems, decisions under uncertainty
- software design and software architectures for automation, PLCs

J. Lunze: „Automatisierungstechnik“, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2012
Reisig: Petrinetze: Modellierungstechnik, Analysemethoden, Fallstudien; Vieweg+Teubner 2010
Hrúz, Zhou: Modeling and Control of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems; Springer 2007
Li, Zhou: Deadlock Resolution in Automated Manufacturing Systems, Springer 2009
Pinedo: Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Services, Springer 2009

Charakterisierung von Abwasser
Stoffwechseltypen von Mikroorganismen
Kinetik biologischer Stoffumwandlung
Berechnung von Bioreaktoren zur Abwasserreinigung
Konzepte in der biologischen Abwasserreinigung
Design WWTP
Exkursion zur Kläranlage Seevetal Klüsing
Biofilme
Biofilmreaktoren
Anaerobe Verfahren
Resoursen orientierte Sanitärtechnik
Zukünftige Herausforderungen in der Abwasserforschung

Gujer, Willi
Siedlungswasserwirtschaft : mit 84 Tabellen
ISBN: 3540343296 (Gb.) URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/516261924.pdf URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842122&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2007
TUB_HH_Katalog
Henze, Mogens
Wastewater treatment : biological and chemical processes
ISBN: 3540422285 (Pp.)
Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2002
TUB_HH_Katalog
Imhoff, Karl (Imhoff, Klaus R.;)
Taschenbuch der Stadtentwässerung : mit 10 Tafeln
ISBN: 3486263331 ((Gb.))
München [u.a.] : Oldenbourg, 1999
TUB_HH_Katalog
Lange, Jörg (Otterpohl, Ralf; Steger-Hartmann, Thomas;)
Abwasser : Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfähigen Wasserwirtschaft
ISBN: 3980350215 (kart.) URL: http://www.gbv.de/du/services/agi/52567E5D44DA0809C12570220050BF25/000000700334
Donaueschingen-Pfohren : Mall-Beton-Verl., 2000
TUB_HH_Katalog
Mudrack, Klaus (Kunst, Sabine;)
Biologie der Abwasserreinigung : 18 Tabellen
ISBN: 382741427X URL: http://www.gbv.de/du/services/agi/94B581161B6EC747C1256E3F005A8143/420000114903
Heidelberg [u.a.] : Spektrum, Akad. Verl., 2003
TUB_HH_Katalog
Tchobanoglous, George (Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., ;)
Wastewater engineering : treatment and reuse
ISBN: 0070418780 (alk. paper) ISBN: 0071122508 (ISE (*pbk))
Boston [u.a.] : McGraw-Hill, 2003
TUB_HH_Katalog
Henze, Mogens
Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3
ISBN: 1900222248
London : IWA Publ., 2002
TUB_HH_Katalog
Kunz, Peter
Umwelt-Bioverfahrenstechnik
Vieweg, 1992
Bauhaus-Universität., Arbeitsgruppe Weiterbildendes Studium Wasser und Umwelt (Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall, ;)
Abwasserbehandlung : Gewässerbelastung, Bemessungsgrundlagen, Mechanische Verfahren, Biologische Verfahren, Reststoffe aus der Abwasserbehandlung, Kleinkläranlagen
ISBN: 3860682725 URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/toc/513989765_toc.pdf URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/abs/513989765_abs.pdf
Weimar : Universitätsverl, 2006
TUB_HH_Katalog
Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall
DWA-Regelwerk
Hennef : DWA, 2004
TUB_HH_Katalog
Wiesmann, Udo (Choi, In Su; Dombrowski, Eva-Maria;)
Fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment
ISBN: 3527312196 (Gb.) URL: http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2774611&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH, 2007
TUB_HH_Katalog

In the lecture methods for the reduction of emissions from industrial plants are treated. At the beginning a short survey of the different forms of air pollutants is given. In the second part physical principals for the removal of particulate and gaseous pollutants form flue gases are treated. Industrial applications of these principles are demonstrated with examples showing the removal of specific compounds, e.g. sulfur or mercury from flue gases of incinerators.

Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002
Atmospheric pollution : history, science, and regulation, Mark Zachary Jacobson. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002
Air pollution control technology handbook, Karl B. Schnelle. - Boca Raton [u.a.] : CRC Press, c 2002
Air pollution, Jeremy Colls. - 2. ed. - London [u.a.] : Spon, 2002

• Small Breakout Groups on “Rural Development” and presentation of results
• Living Soil – THE key element of Rural Development
• Permaculture Principles of Rural Development
• Case Studies: Global Ecovillage Network, Complementary Currencies
• Going Further: The TUHH Toolbox for Rural Development
• Rainwater Harvesting, Participatory planning principles
• Participant Workshop: Video contest: Participants groups search, introduce, show and discuss excellent short water videos
• EMAS Technologies, Hand-Pump and wells
• Practical Pump/Well-Building
• Seminar: Participants prepare and give short 5 min presentations “Best Practice cases in Rural Development”
• In Depth: Rural Drinking Water Supply (Dr. Bendinger)
• cont. Rural Drinking Water Supply (Dr. Bendinger)
• cont. Rural Drinking Water Supply (Dr. Bendinger)
• Exam

• Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation: http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk
• Montgomery, David R. 2007: Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations, University of California Press

• Small Breakout Groups on “The horrific global situation in Sanitation ” and presentation of results
• Keynote lecture: Resources Oriented Sanitation around the World
• Participant Workshop: Video contest: Participants groups search, introduce, show and discuss excellent short water videos
• In Depth: Terra Preta Sanitation, an emerging concept based on historic global best practice in the Amazon Region
• Seminar: All participants prepare and give 10 min presentations (choice of topics)
• cont.
• cont.
• cont.
• Rehearsal and final panel discussion
• Exam

• J. Lange, R. Otterpohl 2000: Abwasser - Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfähigen Abwasserwirtschaft. Mallbeton Verlag (TUHH Bibliothek)
• Winblad, Uno and Simpson-Hébert, Mayling 2004: Ecological Sanitation, EcoSanRes, Sweden (free download)
• Schober, Sabine: WTO/TUHH Award winning Terra Preta Toilet Design: http://youtu.be/w_R09cYq6ys

- Construction of urine-diverting toilets

- Comparison of stored and fresh urine: ammonia concentration

- Comparison of stored and fresh urine: alkalinity

Skript

Steven A. Esrey, Jean Gough, Dave Rapaport, Ron Sawyer, Mayling Simpson-Hébert, Jorge Vargas and Uno Winblad: Ecological Sanitation, SIDA, Stockholm 1998, http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Ecological_Sanitation.pdf

The lecture on membrane technology supply provides students with a broad understanding of existing membrane treatment processes, encompassing pressure driven membrane processes, membrane application in electrodialyis, pervaporation as well as membrane distillation. The lectures main focus is the industrial production of drinking water like particle separation or desalination; however gas separation processes as well as specific wastewater oriented applications such as membrane bioreactor systems will be discussed as well.

Initially, basics in low pressure and high pressure membrane applications are presented (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis). Students learn about essential water quality parameter, transport equations and key parameter for pore membrane as well as solution diffusion membrane systems. The lecture sets a specific focus on fouling and scaling issues and provides knowledge on methods how to tackle with these phenomena in real water treatment application. A further part of the lecture deals with the character and manufacturing of different membrane materials and the characterization of membrane material by simple methods and advanced analysis.

The functions, advantages and drawbacks of different membrane housings and modules are explained. Students learn how an industrial membrane application is designed in the succession of treatment steps like pre-treatment, water conditioning, membrane integration and post-treatment of water. Besides theory, the students will be provided with knowledge on membrane demo-site examples and insights in industrial practice. 

• T. Melin, R. Rautenbach: Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- und Anlagenauslegung (2., erweiterte Auflage), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2004.
• Marcel Mulder, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
• Richard W. Baker, Membrane Technology and Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004

In dieser Vorlesung wird eine Einführung in die keramische Prozeßtechnologie gegeben, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Struktur- und Funktionskeramiken liegt. Beginnend bei den Verfahren zur Synthese feiner Pulver wird Schritt für Schritt der Weg vom Rohstoff zum maßgeschneiderten Bauteil aufgezeigt  und anhand von Beispielen aus der Praxis demonstriert. Neben etablierten Herstellungsverfahren werden dabei auch neue Methoden zur schnellen und kostengünstigen Herstellung von Hochleistungsbauteilen (Reactive Synthesis, Rapid Prototyping, etc.) sowie Fügetechniken und grundlegende Konstruktionskritierien behandelt.

  Inhalt:                     1. Rohstoffe

                                 2. Pulversynthese

                                 3. Pulveraufbereitung und -charakterisierung

                                 4. Formgebung

                                 5. Sintern

                                 6. Glas und Zement-Technologie

                                 7. Neue Syntheseverfahren, Beschichtungen, etc.

                                  8. Fügetechniken

W.D. Kingery, „Introduction to Ceramics“, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975

ASM Engineering Materials Handbook Vol.4 „Ceramics and Glasses“, 1991

D.W. Richerson, „Modern Ceramic Engineering“, Marcel Decker, New York, 1992

Die Vorlesung ist aufbauend auf den Vorlesungen "Stromerzeugung aus regenerativen Energien" und "Wärmeerzeugung aus regenerativen Energien".

• Vorbesprechung mit Diskussion der Spielregeln
• Ausgabe der Themen aus dem Bereich der erneuerbaren Energietechnik in Form einer Ausschreibung von Ingenieurdienstleistungen an eine Gruppen von Studierenden (je nach Anzahl der teilnehmenden Studierenden)
• "Ausschreibungen" beschäftigen sich mit Aspekten der Auslegung, Kostenberechnung sowie der ökologischen, ökonomischen und technischen Bewertung von verschiedenen Energieerzeugungskonzepten (z. B. Onshore-Windstromerzeugung, groß-technische Photovoltaik-Stromerzeugung, Biogaserzeugung, geothermischer Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung) unter ganz speziellen Gegebenheiten
• Abgabe eines schriftlichen Lösungsansatz zur Aufgabenstellung und Verteilung an die Teilnehmer durch den Studierenden / die Gruppe von Studierenden
• Vortrag des bearbeiteten Themas (20 min) mit PPT-Präsentation und anschließende Diskussion (ca. 20 min)
• Teilnahmepflicht bei allen Seminaren

Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

• Vorbesprechung mit Diskussion der Seminarspielregeln
• Ausgabe der Themen aus dem Bereich des Seminarthemas an einzelne Studierende / Gruppen von Studierenden (je nach Anzahl der teilnehmenden Studierenden)
• Abgabe einer 5-seitigen Zusammenfassung des Seminarthemas und Verteilung an die Teilnehmer durch den Studierenden / die Gruppe von Studierenden
• Vortrag des bearbeiteten Themas (30 min) mit PPT-Präsentation und anschließende Diskussion (ca. 20 min)
• Teilnahmepflicht bei allen Seminaren

• Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

• Vorbesprechung mit Diskussion der Seminarspielregeln
• Ausgabe der Themen aus dem Bereich des Seminarthemas an einzelne Studierende / Gruppen von Studierenden (je nach Anzahl der teilnehmenden Studierenden)
• Abgabe einer 5-seitigen Zusammenfassung des Seminarthemas und Verteilung an die Teilnehmer durch den Studierenden / die Gruppe von Studierenden
• Vortrag des bearbeiteten Themas (30 min) mit PPT-Präsentation und anschließende Diskussion (ca. 20 min)
• Teilnahmepflicht bei allen Seminaren

Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

Biotechnische Produktionsprozesse für

-Lebensmittel und Lebensmittelzusätze

-Therapeutische Wirkstoffe

-Technische Biopolymere

-Pharmazeutika, Herbizide, Insektizide

-Organische Säuren und Grundchemikalien

-Abwasser- und Abfallaufbereitung

Die Studierenden bearbeiten in Gruppen einen vorgegebenen biotechnologischen Prozess und sollen sich die wesentlichen Charakteristika dieses Prozesses (Grundlagen, Auslegung, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung) erschließen. Eine kritische Analyse des Prozesses soll dazu dienen, mögliche Optimierungen (bzgl. Rohstoffen, Energiebedarf, Personalbedarf, Abfallentsorgung etc.) zu erkennen und hierfür Vorschläge zu erarbeiten.

Rehm, Hans-Jürgen; G. Reed: Biotechnology : A comprehensive treatise in 8 Vol., Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1981-1988,

Ullmann´s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH (on-line)

R.H. Baltz et al.: Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3. Edition, ASM Press, 2010. 

Recent articles on the selected process in the scientific-technical and patent literature (journals, handbooks, databases (Internet). Textbooks for previous courses in the programmes.

• Presentation and evaluation of 20-minute student lectures discussing a case study of an industrial biotransformation
• The contents of this article shall be presented, evaluated and discussed with the fellow students.

• A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
• selected scientific papers, that will be distributed during the course of the lecture

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology – The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology – The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

The Europe 2020 strategy calls for bioeconomy as the key for smart and green growth of today. Biorefineries are the fundamental part on the way to convert the use of fossil-based society to bio-based society. For this reason, agriculture and forestry sectors are increasingly deliver bioresources. It is not only for their traditional applications in the food and feed sectors such as pulp or paper and construction material productions, but also to produce bioenergy and bio-based products such as bio-plastics. However although bioresources are renewable, they are considered as limited resources as well. The bioeconomy’s limitation factor is the availability land on our world. In the context of the development of the bioeconomy, the sustainable and reliable supply of noon-food biomass feedstock is a critical success factor for the long-term perspective of bioenergy and other bio-based products production. Biorefineries are complex of technologies and process cascades using the available primary, secondary and tertiary bioresources to produce a multitude of products - a product mix from material and energy products.

The lecture gives an overview on biorefinery technology and shall contribute to promotion of international biorefinery developments.

Lectures:

• What is a biorefinery: Overview on basic organic substrates and processes which lead to material and energy products
• The way from a fossil based to a biobased economy in the 21st century
• The worlds most advanced biorefinery
• Presentation of various biorefinery systems and their products (e.g. lignocellulose biorefinery, green biorefinery, whole plant biorefinery, civilization biorefinery)
• Example projects (e.g. combination of anaerobic digestion and composting in practice; demonstration project in Hamburgs city quarter Jenfelder Au)

The lectures will be accompanied by technical tours. Optional it is also possible to visit more biorefinery lectures in the University of Hamburg (lectures in German only).

In the exercise students have the possibility to work in groups on a biorefinery project or to work on a student-specific task.

Biorefineries - Industrial Process and Products - Status Qua and Future directions by Kamm, Gruber and Kamm (2010); Wiley VCH, available on-line in TUHH-library

Powerpoint-Präsentations / selected Publications / further recommendations depending on the actual developments

Industrial Biorefineries and White Biorefinery, by Pandey, Höfer, Larroche, Taherzadeh, Nampoothiri (Eds.); (2014 book development in progress)

1. ) Selection of a topic within the thematic area  "Biorefinery Technologie" from a given list or self-selected.

2.) Self-dependent recherches to the topic.

3.) Preparation of a written elaboration.

Vom Thema abhängig. Eigene Recherchen nötig.

Depending on the topic. Own recheches necassary.

In the context of limited fossil resources, climate change mitigation and increasing population growth, Bioresources has a special role. They have to feed the population and in the same time they are important for material production such as pulp and paper or construction materials. Moreover they become more and more important in chemical industry and in energy provision as fossil substitution. Although Bioresources are renewable, they are also considered as limited resources.   The availability of land on our planet is the main limitation factor. The sustainable and reliable supply of non-food biomass feedstock is a critical for successful and long term perspective on production of bioenergy and other bio-based products. As the consequence, the increasing competition and shortages continue to happen at the traditional sectors.  On the other side, huge unused but potentials residue on waste and wastewater sector exist.  Nowadays, a lot of activities to develop better processes, to create new bio-based products in order to become more efficient, the inclusion of secondary and tertiary bio-resources in the valorisation chain are going on.

The lecture deals with the current state-of-the-art of bioresource management. It shows deficits and potentials for improvement especially in the sector of utilization of organic residues for material and energy generation:

Lectures on:

• Bioresource generation and utilization including lost potentials today
• Basic biological, mechanical, physico-chemical and logistical processes
• The conflict of material vs. energy generation from wood / waste wood
• The basics of pulp & paper production including waste paper recycling
• The Pros and Cons from biogas and compost production

Special lectures by invited guests from research and practice:

• Pathways of waste organics on the example of Hamburg`s City Cleaning Company
• Utilization options of landscaping materials on the example of grass
• Increase of process efficiency of anaerobic digestions
• Decision support tools on the example of an municipality in Indonesia

Optional: Technical visits

Power-Point presentations in STUD-IP

Biotechnische Produktionsprozesse für

-Lebensmittel und Lebensmittelzusätze

-Therapeutische Wirkstoffe

-Technische Biopolymere

-Pharmazeutika, Herbizide, Insektizide

-Organische Säuren und Grundchemikalien

-Abwasser- und Abfallaufbereitung

Die Studierenden bearbeiten in Gruppen einen vorgegebenen biotechnologischen Prozess und sollen sich die wesentlichen Charakteristika dieses Prozesses (Grundlagen, Auslegung, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung) erschließen. Eine kritische Analyse des Prozesses soll dazu dienen, mögliche Optimierungen (bzgl. Rohstoffen, Energiebedarf, Personalbedarf, Abfallentsorgung etc.) zu erkennen und hierfür Vorschläge zu erarbeiten.

Rehm, Hans-Jürgen; G. Reed: Biotechnology : A comprehensive treatise in 8 Vol., Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1981-1988,

Ullmann´s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH (on-line)

R.H. Baltz et al.: Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3. Edition, ASM Press, 2010. 

Recent articles on the selected process in the scientific-technical and patent literature (journals, handbooks, databases (Internet). Textbooks for previous courses in the programmes.

• Presentation and evaluation of 20-minute student lectures discussing a case study of an industrial biotransformation
• The contents of this article shall be presented, evaluated and discussed with the fellow students.

• A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
• selected scientific papers, that will be distributed during the course of the lecture

1. Rechtliche Grundlagen (Gesetz, Verordnung, Richtlinie, Standard/Norm)
2. Berechnungsgrundlagen Druckgeräte (AD-Regelwerk, ASME-Regelwerk, GL Vorschriften, weitere Berechungsmethoden)
3. Spannungshypothesen
4. Werkstoffauswahl, Fertigungsverfahren
5. Dünnwandige Behälter
6. Dickwandige Behälter
7. Sicherheitseinrichtungen
8. Sicherheitsanalysen
    
   Anwendungsschwerpunkte
          
9. Unterwassertechnik (bemannte und unbemannte Druckbehälter, PVHO Code)
   
10. Dampfkessel
    
11. Wärmetauscher
12. LPG, LEG Transport-tanks (Bilobe Bauart, IMO Type C tanks)

1.      Introduction: Overview, achieving high pressure, range of parameters.

2.       Influence of pressure on properties of fluids: P,v,T-behaviour, enthalpy, internal energy,     entropy, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, interfacial tension.

3.      Influence of pressure on heterogeneous equilibria: Phenomenology of phase equilibria

4.      Overview on calculation methods for (high pressure) phase equilibria).
Influence of pressure on transport processes, heat and mass transfer.

5.      Separation processes at elevated pressures: Absorption, adsorption (pressure swing adsorption), distillation (distillation of air), condensation (liquefaction of gases)

6.      Supercritical fluids as solvents: Gas extraction, cleaning, solvents in reacting systems, dyeing, impregnation, particle formation (formulation)

7.      Reactions at elevated pressures. Influence of elevated pressure on biochemical systems: Resistance against pressure

Part III :  Industrial production

8.      Reaction : Haber-Bosch-process, methanol-synthesis, polymerizations; Hydrations, pyrolysis, hydrocracking; Wet air oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)

9.      Separation : Linde Process, De-Caffeination, Petrol and Bio-Refinery

10.  Industrial High Pressure Applications in Biofuel and Biodiesel Production

11.  Sterilization and Enzyme Catalysis

12.  Solids handling in high pressure processes, feeding and removal of solids, transport within the reactor.

13.   Supercritical fluids for materials processing.

14.  Cost Engineering

After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-         understand of the influences of pressure on properties of compounds, phase equilibria, and production processes.

-         Apply high pressure approches in the complex process design tasks

-         Estimate Efficiency of high pressure alternatives with respect to investment and operational costs

1.  Presence  (28 h)

2. Oral presentation of original scientific article (15 min) with written summary

3. Written examination and Case study 

    ( 2+3 : 32 h Workload)

60 hours total

Literatur:

Script: High Pressure Chemical Engineering.
G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction/Overview on Properties of Supercritical Fluids (SCF)and their Application in Gas Extraction Processes
• Solubility of Compounds in Supercritical Fluids and Phase Equilibrium with SCF
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Fundamentals, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Applications and Processes (including Supercritical Water)
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Fundamentals and Methods, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Applications and Processes
• Solvent Cycle, Methods for Precipitation
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Fundamentals and Application
• Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (SMB)
• Membrane Separation of Gases at High Pressures
• Separation by Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (Enzymes)

G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

Numerische Verfahren für Anfangswertprobleme

• Einschrittverfahren
  
• Mehrschrittverfahren
• Steife Probleme
• Differentiell-algebraische Gleichungen vom Index 1

Numerische Verfahren für Randwertaufgaben

• Anfangswertmethoden
• Mehrzielmethode
• Differenzenverfahren
• Variationsmethoden
  

• E. Hairer, S. Noersett, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I: Nonstiff Problems
• E. Hairer, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations II: Stiff and Differential-Algebraic Problems
  

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Some lectures will be carried out as computer exercises
  
• Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
• The ensemble concept
• The classical limit
• Intermolecular potentials, force fields
• Monte Carlo simulations (acceptance rules) (Übungen im Rechnerpool) (exercises in computer pool)
• Molecular Dynamics Simulations (integration of equations of motion, calculating transport properties) (exercises in computer pool)
• Molecular simulation of Phase equilibria (Gibbs Ensemble)
  
• Methods for the calculation of free energies
  

Daan Frenkel, Berend Smit: Understanding Molecular Simulation, Academic Press

M. P. Allen, D. J. Tildesley: Computer Simulations of Liquids, Oxford Univ. Press 

A.R. Leach: Molecular Modelling – Principles and Applications, Prentice Hall, N.Y.

D. A. McQuarrie: Statistical Mechanics, University Science Books

T. L. Hill: Statistical Mechanics , Dover Publications 

- foundations of problem solving and system modeling, discrete event systems
- properties of processes, modeling using automata and Petri-nets
- design considerations for processes (mutex, deadlock avoidance, liveness)
- optimal scheduling for processes
- optimal decisions when planning manufacturing systems, decisions under uncertainty
- software design and software architectures for automation, PLCs

J. Lunze: „Automatisierungstechnik“, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2012
Reisig: Petrinetze: Modellierungstechnik, Analysemethoden, Fallstudien; Vieweg+Teubner 2010
Hrúz, Zhou: Modeling and Control of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems; Springer 2007
Li, Zhou: Deadlock Resolution in Automated Manufacturing Systems, Springer 2009
Pinedo: Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Services, Springer 2009

The lecture on membrane technology supply provides students with a broad understanding of existing membrane treatment processes, encompassing pressure driven membrane processes, membrane application in electrodialyis, pervaporation as well as membrane distillation. The lectures main focus is the industrial production of drinking water like particle separation or desalination; however gas separation processes as well as specific wastewater oriented applications such as membrane bioreactor systems will be discussed as well.

Initially, basics in low pressure and high pressure membrane applications are presented (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis). Students learn about essential water quality parameter, transport equations and key parameter for pore membrane as well as solution diffusion membrane systems. The lecture sets a specific focus on fouling and scaling issues and provides knowledge on methods how to tackle with these phenomena in real water treatment application. A further part of the lecture deals with the character and manufacturing of different membrane materials and the characterization of membrane material by simple methods and advanced analysis.

The functions, advantages and drawbacks of different membrane housings and modules are explained. Students learn how an industrial membrane application is designed in the succession of treatment steps like pre-treatment, water conditioning, membrane integration and post-treatment of water. Besides theory, the students will be provided with knowledge on membrane demo-site examples and insights in industrial practice. 

• T. Melin, R. Rautenbach: Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- und Anlagenauslegung (2., erweiterte Auflage), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2004.
• Marcel Mulder, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
• Richard W. Baker, Membrane Technology and Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004