• Theories and methods of project management
• Innovation management
• Agile project management
• Fundamentals of classic and agile methods
• Hybrid use of classic and agile methods  
• Roles, perspectives and stakeholders throughout the project
• Initiating and coordinating complex engineering projects
• Principles of moderation, team management, team leadership, conflict management
• Communication structures: in-house, cross-company
• Public information policy
• Promoting commitment and empowerment
• Sharing experience with specialists and managers from the engineering sector
• Documenting and reflecting on learning experiences

Seminarapparat

• Basic concepts, opportunities and limits of organisational change 
• Models and methods of organisational design and development
• Strategic orientation and change, and their short-, medium- and long-term consequences for individuals, organisations and society as a whole
• Roles, perspectives and stakeholders in change processes
• Initiating and coordinating change measures in engineering
• Phase models of organisational change (Lewin, Kotter, etc.) 
• Change-oriented information policy and dealing with resistance and uncertainty 
• Promoting commitment and empowerment
• Successfully handling change and transformation: personally, as an employee, as a manager (personal, professional, organisational)
• Company-level and globally (systemic)
• Sharing experience with specialists and managers from the engineering sector
• Documenting and reflecting on learning experiences

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a professional field of activity as an engineer (B.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Establishing responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company as an engineer (B.Sc.)
• Working independently in a team and on selected projects - across departments and, if applicable, across companies
• Scheduling the current practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: Responsibility as an engineer (B.Sc.) in their own area of work, coordinating team and project work, dealing with complex contexts and unsolved problems, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Subject specialisation (corresponding to the chosen course [M.Sc.]) in the field of activity
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• Creating an e-portfolio
• Importance of course contents (M.Sc.) when working as an engineer
• Importance of development and innovation when working as an engineer
  

• Studierendenhandbuch
• Betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Handlungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

• Exercise in form of "Project based Learning"
  
• Agglomeration, particle size enlargement
• advanced particle size reduction
• Advanced theorie of fluid/particle flows
• CFD-methods for the simulation of disperse fluid/solid flows, Euler/Euler methids, Descrete Particle Modeling
• Treatment of simulation problems with distributed properties, solution of population balances

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

• Fluidization
• Agglomeration
• Granulation
• Drying
• Determination of mechanical properties of agglomerats

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

Process modeling: introduction, mathematical modeling, model building blocks, structured model development, analysis of model equations

Process simulation: numeric, validation, flow sheet simulation, solution strategies

Process control: process variables, control loops, model-based methods, plant-wide control

1. Introduction: Impact and potential of enzyme-catalysed processes in biotechnology.

2. History of microbial and enzymatic biotransformations.

3. Chirality - definition & measurement

4. Basic biochemical reactions, structure and function of enzymes.

5. Biocatalytic retrosynthesis of asymmetric molecules

6. Enzyme kinetics: mechanisms, calculations, multisubstrate reactions.

7. Reactors for biotransformations.

• K. Faber: Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry, Springer, 5th Ed., 2004
• A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
• R. B. Silverman: The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions, Academic Press, 2000
• K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. VCH, 2005.
• R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

1. Introduction

2. Production and Down Stream Processing of Biocatalysts

3. Analytics (offline/online)

4. Reaction Engineering & Process Control

• Definitions
• Reactors
• Membrane Processes
• Immobilization

5. Process Optimization

• Simplex / DOE / GA

6. Examples of Industrial Processes

• food / feed
• fine chemicals

7. Non-Aqueous Solvents as Reaction Media

• ionic liquids
• scCO2
• solvent free

•  A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
•  H. Chmiel: Bioprozeßtechnik, Elsevier, 2005
•  K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology, VCH, 2005
•  R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

• Interfaces in MPF (boundary layers, surfactants)
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Film Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Bubbly Flows
• Mass Transfer in Film Flows
• Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Mass Transfer in Bubbly Flows
• Reactive mass Transfer in Multiphase Flows
• Film Flow: Application Trickle Bed Reactors
• Pipe Flow: Application Turbular Reactors
• Bubbly Flow: Application Bubble Column Reactors

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops and Particles, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
Fan, L.-S.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble Wake Dynamics in Liquids and Liquid-Solid Suspensions, Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, Boston, USA, 1990.
Hewitt, G.F.; Delhaye, J.M.; Zuber, N. (Ed.): Multiphase Science and Technology. Hemisphere Publishing Corp, Vol. 1/1982 bis Vol. 6/1992.
Kolev, N.I.: Multiphase flow dynamics. Springer, Vol. 1 and 2, 2002.
Levy, S.: Two-Phase Flow in Complex Systems. Verlag John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1999.
Crowe, C.T.: Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1998.

In this Problem-Based Learning unit the students have to design a multiphase reactor for a fast chemical reaction concerning optimal hydrodynamic conditions of the multiphase flow. 

The four students in each team have to:

• collect and discuss material properties and equations for design from the literature,
• calculate the optimal hydrodynamic design,
• check the plausibility of the results critically,
• write an exposé with the results.

This exposé will be used as basis for the discussion within the oral group examen of each team.

Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.R.; Lightfoot, E.N.: Transport Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2007), ISBN 978-0-470-11539-8.

Brauer, H.; Mewes, D.: Stoffaustausch einschließlich chemischer Reaktion; Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau und Frankfurt am Main (1971), ISBN: 3794100085.

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen, Sauerländer, 1971, 

Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops, and Particles, Verlag Academic Press, 1978, ISBN 012176950X, 9780121769505

Deckwer, W.-D.: Reaktionstechnik in Blasensäulen, Salle Verlag und Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, München, Salzburg (1985), DOI 10.1002/CITE.330590530

Deckwer, W.-D.: Bubble Column Reactors. Wiley, New York (1992), DOI 10.1002/AIC.690380821.

Fan, L.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble wake dynamics in liquids and liquid-solid suspension. Butterworth-Heinemann, (1990), DOI 10.1016/c2009-0-24002-5.

Kraume, M., Transportvorgänge in der Verfahrenstechnik, Springer Berlin, 2020, ISBN 978-3-662-60392-5.

Lienhard, J. H. (2019). A Heat Transfer Textbook, Dover Publications. ISBN:9780486837352, 0486837351.

• Introduction - Transport Processes in Chemical Engineering
• Molecular Heat- and Mass Transfer: Applications of Fourier's and Fick's Law
• Convective Heat and Mass Transfer: Applications in Process Engineering
• Unsteady State Transport Processes: Cooling & Drying
• Transport at fluidic Interfaces: Two Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal
• Transport Laws & Balance Equations  with turbulence, sinks and sources
• Experimental Determination of Transport Coefficients
• Design and Scale Up of Reactors for Heat- and Mass Transfer
• Reactive Mass Transfer 
  
• Processes with Phase Changes – Evaporization and Condensation 
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Fundamentals
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Solar Energy
  

1. Baehr, Stephan: Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley 2002.
2. Bird, Stewart, Lightfood: Transport Phenomena, Springer, 2000.
3. John H. Lienhard: A Heat Transfer Textbook,  Phlogiston Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 2008.
4. Myers: Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1971.
5. Incropera, De Witt: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley, 2002.
6. Beek, Muttzall: Transport Phenomena, Wiley, 1983.
7. Crank: The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford, 1995. 
8. Madhusudana: Thermal Contact Conductance, Springer, 1996.
9. Treybal: Mass-Transfer-Operation, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

   
   
   

   
   

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a professional field of activity as an engineer (B.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Establishing responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company as an engineer (B.Sc.)
• Taking personal responsibility within a team and on selected projects - across departments and, if applicable, across companies
• Scheduling the current practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: Responsibility as an engineer (B.Sc.) in their own area of work, coordinating team and project work, dealing with complex contexts and unsolved problems, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Subject specialisation (corresponding to the chosen course [M.Sc.]) in the field of activity
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• Updating their e-portfolio
• Importance of course contents (M.Sc.) when working as an engineer
• Importance of development and innovation when working as an engineer 

• Studierendenhandbuch
• Betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Anwendungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

Execution and evaluation of several experiments in chemical reaction engineering.

* Calculation of error propagation and error analysis
* Steady state Wicke-Kallenbach measurements of diffusivities in a catalyst pellet
* Interaction of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle, dissociation of methanol on zinc oxide
* Mass transfer in gas/liquid system
* Stability of a CSTR (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride)

Skript zur Vorlesung, als Buch in der TU-Bibliothek

Praktikumsskript

Levenspiel, O.: Chemical reaction engineering; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3. Ed., 1999 VTM 309(LB)

Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

Hill, C.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley, New York, 1977.

Fogler, H. S. : Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2006

M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken: Technische Chemie, VCH , 2006

G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, 1990

• Introduction into the "Waste Management" consisting of:
  • Thermal Process (incinerator, RDF combustion)
  • Biological processes (Wet-/Dryfermentation)
  • technology, energy, emissions, approval , etc.
• Group work
  • design of systems/plants for energy recovery from waste
  • The following points are to be processed:
    • Input: waste (fraction collection and transportation, current quantity, material flows , possible amount of development)
    • Plant (design, process diagram, technology, energy production)
    • Output (energy quantity / type, by-products)
    • Costs and revenues
    • Climate and resource protection (CO2 balance , substitution of primary raw materials / fossil fuels)
    • Location and approval (infrastructure , expiration authorization procedure)
    • Focus at the whole concept (advantages, disadvantages , risks and opportunities , discussion)

Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft; Martin Kranert, Klaus Cord-Landwehr (Hrsg.); Vieweg + Teubner Verlag; 2010

Powerpoint-Folien in Stud IP

Waste avoidance and recycling are the focus of this lecture. Additionally, waste logistics ( Collection, transport, export, fees and taxes) as well as international waste shipment solutions are presented.

Other specific wastes, e.g. industrial waste, treatment concepts will be presented and developed by students themselves

Waste composition and production on international level, wast eulogistic, collection and treatment in emerging and developing countries.

Single national projects and studies will be prepared and presented by students

Basel convention

Design of bioreactors and peripheries:

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Exercise)

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

The lecture focuses primarily on presenting and discussing established imaging techniques relevant to the field of engineering including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography. Moreover, it presents and discusses a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurement techniques work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

Content: The module focuses primarily on discussing established imaging techniques including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography, and (d) ultrasound imaging and also covers a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurements work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Learning goals: After the successful completion of the course, the students shall:

1. understand the physical principles and practical aspects of the most common imaging methods,
2. be able to assess the pros and cons of these methods with regard to cost, complexity, expected contrasts, spatial and temporal resolution, and based on this assessment
3. be able to identify the most suited imaging modality for any specific engineering challenge in the field of chemical and bioprocess engineering.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a future professional field of activity as an engineer (M.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Extending responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company up to the intended first assignment after completing their studies 
• Working responsibly in a team; project responsibility within own area - as well as across divisions and companies if necessary
• Scheduling the final practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Internal agreement on a potential topic or innovation project for the Master’s dissertation
• Planning the Master’s dissertation within the company in cooperation with TU Hamburg  
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: dealing with change, project and team development, responsibility as an engineer in their future field of work (M.Sc.), dealing with complex contexts, frequent and unpredictable changes, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Specialising in one field of work (final dissertation)
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• E-portfolio
• Relevance of study content and personal specialisation when working as an engineer
• Relevance of research and innovation when working as an engineer

• Studierendenhandbuch
• betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Anwendungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

1. Basic laws and certification standards
2. Basics for calculations of pressurized vessels
3. Stress hypothesis
4. Selection of materials and fabrication processes
5. vessels with thin walls
6. vessels with thick walls
7. Safety installations
8. Safety analysis
   
   Applications:
   
   - subsea technology (manned and unmanned vessels)
   - steam vessels
   - heat exchangers
   - LPG, LEG transport vessels
   

1.      Introduction: Overview, achieving high pressure, range of parameters.

2.       Influence of pressure on properties of fluids: P,v,T-behaviour, enthalpy, internal energy,     entropy, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, interfacial tension.

3.      Influence of pressure on heterogeneous equilibria: Phenomenology of phase equilibria

4.      Overview on calculation methods for (high pressure) phase equilibria).
Influence of pressure on transport processes, heat and mass transfer.

5.      Separation processes at elevated pressures: Absorption, adsorption (pressure swing adsorption), distillation (distillation of air), condensation (liquefaction of gases)

6.      Supercritical fluids as solvents: Gas extraction, cleaning, solvents in reacting systems, dyeing, impregnation, particle formation (formulation)

7.      Reactions at elevated pressures. Influence of elevated pressure on biochemical systems: Resistance against pressure

Part III :  Industrial production

8.      Reaction : Haber-Bosch-process, methanol-synthesis, polymerizations; Hydrations, pyrolysis, hydrocracking; Wet air oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)

9.      Separation : Linde Process, De-Caffeination, Petrol and Bio-Refinery

10.  Industrial High Pressure Applications in Biofuel and Biodiesel Production

11.  Sterilization and Enzyme Catalysis

12.  Solids handling in high pressure processes, feeding and removal of solids, transport within the reactor.

13.   Supercritical fluids for materials processing.

14.  Cost Engineering

After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-         understand of the influences of pressure on properties of compounds, phase equilibria, and production processes.

-         Apply high pressure approches in the complex process design tasks

-         Estimate Efficiency of high pressure alternatives with respect to investment and operational costs

1.  Presence  (28 h)

2. Oral presentation of original scientific article (15 min) with written summary

3. Written examination and Case study 

    ( 2+3 : 32 h Workload)

60 hours total

Literatur:

Script: High Pressure Chemical Engineering.
G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction/Overview on Properties of Supercritical Fluids (SCF)and their Application in Gas Extraction Processes
• Solubility of Compounds in Supercritical Fluids and Phase Equilibrium with SCF
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Fundamentals, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Applications and Processes (including Supercritical Water)
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Fundamentals and Methods, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Applications and Processes
• Solvent Cycle, Methods for Precipitation
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Fundamentals and Application
• Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (SMB)
• Membrane Separation of Gases at High Pressures
• Separation by Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (Enzymes)

G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction into the "Waste Management" consisting of:
  • Thermal Process (incinerator, RDF combustion)
  • Biological processes (Wet-/Dryfermentation)
  • technology, energy, emissions, approval , etc.
• Group work
  • design of systems/plants for energy recovery from waste
  • The following points are to be processed:
    • Input: waste (fraction collection and transportation, current quantity, material flows , possible amount of development)
    • Plant (design, process diagram, technology, energy production)
    • Output (energy quantity / type, by-products)
    • Costs and revenues
    • Climate and resource protection (CO2 balance , substitution of primary raw materials / fossil fuels)
    • Location and approval (infrastructure , expiration authorization procedure)
    • Focus at the whole concept (advantages, disadvantages , risks and opportunities , discussion)

Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft; Martin Kranert, Klaus Cord-Landwehr (Hrsg.); Vieweg + Teubner Verlag; 2010

Powerpoint-Folien in Stud IP

Waste avoidance and recycling are the focus of this lecture. Additionally, waste logistics ( Collection, transport, export, fees and taxes) as well as international waste shipment solutions are presented.

Other specific wastes, e.g. industrial waste, treatment concepts will be presented and developed by students themselves

Waste composition and production on international level, wast eulogistic, collection and treatment in emerging and developing countries.

Single national projects and studies will be prepared and presented by students

Basel convention

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

Execution and evaluation of several experiments in chemical reaction engineering.

* Calculation of error propagation and error analysis
* Steady state Wicke-Kallenbach measurements of diffusivities in a catalyst pellet
* Interaction of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle, dissociation of methanol on zinc oxide
* Mass transfer in gas/liquid system
* Stability of a CSTR (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride)

Skript zur Vorlesung, als Buch in der TU-Bibliothek

Praktikumsskript

Levenspiel, O.: Chemical reaction engineering; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3. Ed., 1999 VTM 309(LB)

Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

Hill, C.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley, New York, 1977.

Fogler, H. S. : Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2006

M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken: Technische Chemie, VCH , 2006

G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, 1990

In the lecture methods for the reduction of emissions from industrial plants are treated. At the beginning a short survey of the different forms of air pollutants is given. In the second part physical principals for the removal of particulate and gaseous pollutants form flue gases are treated. Industrial applications of these principles are demonstrated with examples showing the removal of specific compounds, e.g. sulfur or mercury from flue gases of incinerators.

Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002
Atmospheric pollution : history, science, and regulation, Mark Zachary Jacobson. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002
Air pollution control technology handbook, Karl B. Schnelle. - Boca Raton [u.a.] : CRC Press, c 2002
Air pollution, Jeremy Colls. - 2. ed. - London [u.a.] : Spon, 2002

Kaltschmitt M., Hartmann H. (Hrsg.): Energie aus Bioamsse, Springer Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-540-64853-4

Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe,

Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. www.nachwachsende-rohstoffe.de

Bockisch M.: Nahrungsfette und -öle, Ulmer Verlag, 1993, ISBN 380000158175

I. Repetition of engineering basics

1. Shell and tube heat exchangers
2. Steam generators and refrigerating machines
3. Pumps and turbines
4. Flow in piping networks
5. Pumping and mixing of non-newtonian fluids
6. Requirements to a detailed layout plan 

 II. Calculation:

1. Planning and design of a specific bio-refinery plant section, such as Ethanol distillation and fermentation. This is based on empirical valuse of a real, industrial plant.
   • Mass and energy balances (Aspen)
   • Equipment design (heat exchangers, pumps, pipes, tanks, etc.) (
   • Isolation, wall thickness and material selection
   • Energy demand (electrical, heat or cooling), design of steam boilers and appliances
   • Selection of fittings, measuring instruments and safety equipment
   • Definition of main control loops
2. Hereby, the dependencies of transport phenomena between certain plant sections become evident and methods of calculation are introduced.
3. In Detail Engineering , it is focused on aspects of plant engineering planning that are relevant for the subsequent construction of the plant.
4. Depending of time requirement and group size a cost estimation and preparation of a complete R&I flow chart can be implemented as well.

Perry, R.;Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8^th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 2007

Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014

• CAPE = Computer-Aided-Project-Engineering

• INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY    
  • Classes of simulation programs
  • Sequential modular approach
  • Equation-oriented approach
  • Simultaneous modular approach
  • General procedure for the processing of modeling tasks
  • Special procedure for solving models with repatriations
• COMPUTER EXERCISES renewable energy projects WITH ASPEN PLUS ® AND ASPEN CUSTOM MODELER ®    
  • Scope, potential and limitations of Aspen Plus ® and Aspen Custom Modeler ®
  • Use of integrated databases for material data
  • Methods for estimating non-existent physical property data
  • Use of model libraries and Process Synthesis
  • Application of design specifications and sensitivity analyzes
  • Solving optimization problems

Within the seminar, the various tasks are actively discussed and applied to various cases of application.

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide
• William L. Luyben; Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
  

I. Introduction

       1. Fundamentals of steady state process simulation

       1.1. Classes of simulation tools
       1.2. Sequential-modularer approach
       1.3. Operating mode of ASPEN PLUS
       2. Introduction in ASPEN PLUS
       2.1. GUI
       2.2. Estimation methods of physical properties
       2.3. Aspen tools (z.B. Designspecification)
       2.4. Convergence methods

II. Exercices using ASPEN PLUS and ACM

            Application of model databank, process synthesis

            Design specifications

            Sensitivity analysis
            Optimization tasks
            Industrial cases

- G. Fieg: Lecture notes
- Seider, W.D.; Seader, J.D.; Lewin, D.R.: Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis,
  and Evaluation; Hoboken, J. Wiley & Sons, 2010

Practical implementation of safety analyses (methods)

Safety-related parameters and methods for their determination

Hazard characteristics according to the Chemicals Act

GHS (Globally Harmonized System) for the classification and labelling of chemicals

Hazardous substances

Toxicology

Personal safety

Safety considerations in plant design

Inherently safe process design

Technical measures for plant safety

Bender, H.: Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Weinheim (2005)
Bender, H.: Das Gefahrstoffbuch. Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen in der Praxis; Weinheim (2002)
Birett, K.: Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Heidelberg (2011)
Birgersson, B.; Sterner, O.; Zimerson, E.: Chemie und Gesundheit; Weinheim (1988)

R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Chemische Technik, Prozesse und Produkte, Band 1

    Methodische Grundlagen, VCH, 2004-2006, S. 719

H. Pohle, Chemische Industrie, Umweltschutz, Arbeitsschutz, Anlagensicherheit, VCH, Weinheim, 1991

J. Steinbach, Chemische Sicherheitstechnik, VCH, Weinheim, 1995

G. Suter, Identifikation sicherheitskritischer Prozesse, P&A Kompendium, 2004

The lecture offers a general introduction to the basics and possibilities of applied mathematical optimization and deals with application areas on different scales from kinetics identification, optimal design of unit operations to the optimization of entire (sub)processes, and production planning. In addition to the basic classification and formulation of optimization problems, different solution approaches are discussed. Besides deterministic gradient-based methods, metaheuristics such as evolutionary and genetic algorithms and their application are discussed as well.

- Introduction to Applied Optimization

- Formulation of optimization problems

- Linear Optimization

- Nonlinear Optimization

- Mixed-integer (non)linear optimization

- Multi-objective optimization

- Global optimization

Weicker, K., Evolutionäre Algortihmen, Springer, 2015

Edgar, T. F., Himmelblau D. M., Lasdon, L. S., Optimization of Chemical Processes, McGraw Hill, 2001

Biegler, L. Nonlinear Programming - Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Processes, 2010

Kallrath, J. Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung: Modellierung in der Praxis, Vieweg, 2002

Design of bioreactors and peripheries:

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Exercise)

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

1. Material- and Energybalance of the two-dimensionsal zweidimensionalen pseudo-homogeneous reactor model

2. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (Euler, Runge-Kutta, solvers for stiff problems, step controlled solvers)

3. Reactor design with one-dimensional models (ethane cracker, catalyst deactivation, tubular reactor with deactivating catalyst, moving bed reactor with regenerating catalyst, riser reactor, fluidized bed reactor)

4. Partial differential equations (classification, numerical solution Lösung, finite difference method, method of lines)

5. Examples of reactor design (isothermal tubular reactor with axial dispersion, dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene, wrong-way behaviour)

6. Boundary value problems (numerical solution, shooting method, concentration- and temperature profiles in a catalyst pellet, multiphase reactors, trickle bed reactor)

1. Lecture notes R. Horn

2. Lecture notes F. Keil

3.  G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010

4. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering are inextricably linked. About 90% of all chemical intermediates and consumer products (fuels, plastics, fertilizers etc.) are produced with the aid of catalysts. Most of them, in particular large scale products, are produced by heterogeneous catalysis viz. gaseous or liquid reactants react on solid catalysts. In multiphase reactors gases, liquids and a solid catalyst are present.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays also a key role in any future energy scenario (fuel cells, electrocatalytic splitting of water) and in environmental engineering (automotive catalysis, photocatalyic abatement of water pollutants).

Heterogeneous catalysis is an interdisciplinary science requiring knowledge of different scientific disciplines such as

• Materials Science (synthesis and characterization of solid catalysts)
• Physics (structure and electronic properties of solids, defects)
• Physical Chemistry (thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, chemical kinetics, adsorption, desorption, spectroscopy, surface chemistry, theory)
• Reaction Engineering (catalytic reactors, mass- and heat transport in catalytic reactors, multi-scale modeling, application of heterogeneous catalysis)

• J.M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas: Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH
• I. Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, WILEY-VCH
• B.C. Gates: Catalytic Chemistry, John Wiley
• R.A. van Santen, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J.A. Moulijn, B.A. Averill (Eds.): Catalysis: an integrated approach, Elsevier
• D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science, Cambridge Univ. Press
• J.W. Niemantsverdriet: Spectrocopy in Catalysis, VCH
• F. Delannay (Ed.): Characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, Marcel Dekker
• C.H. Bartholomew, R.J. Farrauto: Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes (2nd Ed.),Wiley

The lecture focuses primarily on presenting and discussing established imaging techniques relevant to the field of engineering including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography. Moreover, it presents and discusses a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurement techniques work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

Content: The module focuses primarily on discussing established imaging techniques including (a) optical and infrared imaging, (b) magnetic resonance imaging, (c) X-ray imaging and tomography, and (d) ultrasound imaging and also covers a range of more recent imaging modalities. The students will learn:

1. what these imaging techniques can measure (such as sample density or concentration, material transport, chemical composition, temperature),
2. how the measurements work (physical measurement principles, hardware requirements, image reconstruction), and
3. how to determine the most suited imaging methods for a given problem.

Learning goals: After the successful completion of the course, the students shall:

1. understand the physical principles and practical aspects of the most common imaging methods,
2. be able to assess the pros and cons of these methods with regard to cost, complexity, expected contrasts, spatial and temporal resolution, and based on this assessment
3. be able to identify the most suited imaging modality for any specific engineering challenge in the field of chemical and bioprocess engineering.

Wang, M. (2015). Industrial Tomography. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 

Available as e-book in the library of TUHH: https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/Record/823579395

This course gives an overview of the most important biotechnological production processes. In addition to the individual methods and their specific requirements, general aspects of industrial reality are also addressed, such as:
• Asset Lifecycle
• Digitization in the bioprocess industry
• Basic principles of industrial bioprocess development
• Sustainability aspects in the development of bioprocess engineering processes

Chmiel H (ed). Bioprozesstechnik, Springer 2011, ISBN: 978-3-8274-2476-1

Bailey, James and David F. Ollis: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. ‑2nd ed.; New York: McGraw Hill, 1986. 

Becker, Th. et al. (2008) Biotechnology. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a04_107/current/abstract

Doran, Pauline M.: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 2003

Hass, V. und R. Pörtner: Praxis der Bioprozesstechnik. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (2011), 2. Auflage

Krahe M (2003) Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/articles/b04_381/frame.html

Schuler, M.L. / Kargi, F.: Bioprocess Engineering - Basic concepts

This course gives an insight into the methodology used in the development of industrial biotechnology processes. Important aspects of this are, for example, the development of the fermentation and the work-up steps for the respective target molecule, the integration of the partial steps into an overall process, and the cost-effectiveness of the process.

Chmiel H (ed). Bioprozesstechnik, Springer 2011, ISBN: 978-3-8274-2476-1 [Titel anhand dieser ISBN in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen]

Bailey, James and David F. Ollis: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. ‑2nd ed.; New York: McGraw Hill, 1986.

Becker, Th. et al. (2008) Biotechnology. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a04_107/current/abstract

Doran, Pauline M.: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 2003

Hass, V. und R. Pörtner: Praxis der Bioprozesstechnik. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (2011), 2. Auflage

Krahe M (2003) Biochemical Engineering. Ullmann´s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/articles/b04_381/frame.html

Schuler, M.L. / Kargi, F.: Bioprocess Engineering - Basic concepts

Contents

- Common variables and terms for characterizing turbulence (energy spectra, energy cascade, etc.)

- An overview of Lagrange analysis methods and experiments in fluid mechanics

- Critical examination of the concept of turbulence and turbulent structures.

-Calculation of the transport of ideal fluid elements and associated analysis methods (absolute and relative diffusion, Lagrangian Coherent Structures, etc.)

- Implementation of a Runge-Kutta 4th-order in Matlab

- Introduction to particle integration using ODE solver from Matlab

- Problems from turbulence research

- Application analytical methods with Matlab.

Structure:

- 14 units a 2x45 min. 

- 10 units lecture

- 4 Units Matlab Exercise- Go through the exercises Matlab, Peer2Peer? Explain solutions to your colleague

Learning goals:

Students receive very specific, in-depth knowledge from modern turbulence research and transport analysis. → Knowledge

The students learn to classify the acquired knowledge, they study approaches to further develop the knowledge themselves and to relate different data sources to each other. → Knowledge, skills

The students are trained in the personal competence to independently delve into and research a scientific topic. → Independence

Matlab exercises in small groups during the lecture and guided Peer2Peer discussion rounds train communication skills in complex situations. The mixture of precise language and intuitive understanding is learnt. → Knowledge, social competence

Required knowledge:

Fluid mechanics 1 and 2 advantageous

Programming knowledge advantageous

Bakunin, Oleg G. (2008): Turbulence and Diffusion. Scaling Versus Equations. Berlin [u. a.]: Springer Verlag.

Bourgoin, Mickaël; Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Berg, Jacob; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): The role of pair dispersion in turbulent flow. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5762), S. 835-838. DOI: 10.1126/science.1121726.

Davidson, P. A. (2015): Turbulence. An introduction for scientists and engineers. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Graff, L. S.; Guttu, S.; LaCasce, J. H. (2015): Relative Dispersion in the Atmosphere from Reanalysis Winds. In: J. Atmos. Sci. 72 (7), S. 2769-2785. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0225.1.

Grigoriev, Roman (2011): Transport and Mixing in Laminar Flows. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Haller, George (2015): Lagrangian Coherent Structures. In: Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 47 (1), S. 137-162. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141322.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2010): Propagation of a chemical wave front in a quasi-two-dimensional superdiffusive flow. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 81 (6 Pt 2), S. 66211. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.066211.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2011): Double cascade turbulence and Richardson dispersion in a horizontal fluid flow induced by Faraday waves. In: Physical review letters 107 (7), S. 74502. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.074502.

Kameke, A.v.; Kastens, S.; Rüttinger, S.; Herres-Pawlis, S.; Schlüter, M. (2019): How coherent structures dominate the residence time in a bubble wake: An experimental example. In: Chemical Engineering Science 207, S. 317-326. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.033.

Klages, Rainer; Radons, Günter; Sokolov, Igor M. (2008): Anomalous Transport: Wiley.

LaCasce, J. H. (2008): Statistics from Lagrangian observations. In: Progress in Oceanography 77 (1), S. 1-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.02.002.

Neufeld, Zoltán; Hernández-García, Emilio (2009): Chemical and Biological Processes in Fluid Flows: PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO.

Onu, K.; Huhn, F.; Haller, G. (2015): LCS Tool: A computational platform for Lagrangian coherent structures. In: Journal of Computational Science 7, S. 26-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2014.12.002.

Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Bourgoin, Mickaël; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): An experimental study of turbulent relative dispersion models. In: New J. Phys. 8 (6), S. 109. DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/8/6/109.

Pope, Stephen B. (2000): Turbulent Flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rivera, M. K.; Ecke, R. E. (2005): Pair dispersion and doubling time statistics in two-dimensional turbulence. In: Physical review letters 95 (19), S. 194503. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.194503.

Vallis, Geoffrey K. (2010): Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. Fundamentals and large-scale circulation. 5. printing. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Introduction to aerated stirred tank reactors and alternative reactor concepts
• Mixing and mass transfer performance (example with M-STAR)
• Energy dissipation rates and shear stress 
• Gas holdup and bubble size distribution
• Experimental methods for the characterization of aerated stirred tank reactors
• Common design and scale up concepts
• Concept of compartments
• Design and scale up assisted by Computational Fluid Dynamics 

• Introduction to biopharma including biopharmaceutical products (e.g. vaccine)
• Biopharma market
• Clinical studies
• Quality of products
• Drug substance process development (cell therapy)
• Drug product development 
• Insilico process development (equipment, process, digital twin) 
• Scale-up, transfer and production of biopharmaceutical products 
• Regulatory topics and market authorization
• Biopharma lab & production planning
• Data, handling, statistics, Experiment Planning (DOE)
• Capacity modeling, Software “Bio-G”

This lecture introduces a number of significant research topics in fluid mechanics and their up-to-date progresses. Through the lecture, students will learn how to solve real scientific and engineering flow problems using numerical and experimental methods. The lecture helps the students to prepare for their master thesis. The detailed contents include:

• Wall bounded flows (channel flows; pipe flows; wall roughness)
• Convection in porous media (multiscale physics; flow instabilities)
• Flows in turbomachinery (compressor/turbine cascades; wind turbines)
• Flows in biological and physiological processes (digestion in stomach; respiratory system
  
• Interfacial mass transfer of bubbly flows
• Comparison between experiments and simulation, experimental validation

• Combustion in engines (optional)

Numerische Strömungsmechanik, Joel H. Ferziger, Milovan Perić  &  Robert L. Street, Springer Vieweg, 2020

Strömungsmechanik, Heinz Herwig & Bastian Schmandt, Springer Vieweg, 2015.

Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow, Christopher E. Brennen, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

OpenFOAM User Guide, version 11, 11th July 2023.

OpenFOAM Programmer’s Guide, Version 3.0.1, 2015

• Flow measurement techniques (Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry,...)
• Concentration measurement techniques (Laser Induced Fluorescence, UV/VIS Imaging, …)
• Measurement of Particle Size Distribution (Bubbles, Droplets, Particles)
• Measurement techniques for Microflows
• Measurement techniques for Multiphase flows in industrial application

Raffel, M.; Willert, C.E.; Wereley, S.T.; Kompenhans, J.: Particle Image Velocimetry, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg (2007), ISBN 978-3-642-43166-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0.

Schlüter, M. (2011). Lokale Messverfahren für Mehrphasenströmungen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 83. (7), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201100039

Exemplary measurements in the laboratory of the Institute of Multiphase Flows:

• Flow measurements(Particle Image Velocimetry, Particle Tracking Velocimetry,...)
• Concentration measurements (Laser Induced Fluorescence, UV/VIS Imaging, …)
• Particle Size Distribution measurements (Bubbles, Droplets, Particles)
• Measurements in microflows
  

Raffel, M.; Willert, C.E.; Wereley, S.T.; Kompenhans, J.: Particle Image Velocimetry, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg (2007), ISBN 978-3-642-43166-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72308-0.

Schlüter, M. (2011). Lokale Messverfahren für Mehrphasenströmungen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 83. (7), 1084-1095. https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201100039

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

• General overview of various power-based fuels and their process paths, including power-to-liquid process (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanol synthesis), power-to-gas (Sabatier process)

• Origin, production and use of these fuels

• Vorlesungsskript

• General overview of various advanced biofuels and their process pathways (including gas-to-liquid, HEFA and Alcohol-to-Jet processes)

• Origin, production and use of these fuels

  
  

• Babu, V.: Biofuels Production. Beverly, Mass: Scrivener [u.a.], 2013
• Olsson, L.: Biofuels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007
• William, L. L.: Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
• Perry, R.; Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 20
• Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014
• Kaltschmitt, M.; Neuling, U. (Ed.): Biokerosene - Status and Prospects; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2018

Application of the acquired theoretical knowledge from the respective lectures on the basis of concrete tasks from practice

• Design and simulation of sub-processes of production processes in Aspen Plus ®
• Ecological and economic analysis of fuel supply paths
• Classification of case studies into applicable regulations

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide

Holistic examination of the different fuel paths with the following main topics, among others:

• Consideration of the environmental impact of the various alternative fuels
• Economic consideration of the different alternative fuels
• Regulatory framework for alternative fuels
• Certification of alternative fuels
• Market introduction models of alternative fuels

• European Commission - Joint Research Center (2010): International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook - General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. Joint Research Center (JRC) Institut for Environment and Sustainability, Luxembourg

• Richtlinie (EU) 2018/2001 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 11. Dezember 2018 zur Förderung der Nutzung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen

The focus is on getting to know the organization and practice of waste management companies. Topics such as planning, financing and logistics will be discussed and there will be an excursion (waste incineration plant, vehicle fleet and collection systems / containers).

Project based learning: You will be given a task to work on independently in groups of 4 to 6 students. All tools and data needed for the project work will be discussed in the lecture "Recycling Technologies and Thermal Waste Treatment". Course documents can be downloaded from StudIP. Communication during the project work also takes place via StudIP.

• Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft; Martin Kranert, Klaus Cord-Landwehr (Hrsg.); Vieweg + Teubner Verlag; 2010 
• PowerPoint Präsentationen in Stud IP

• Introduction, actual state-of-the-art of waste incineration, aims. legal background, reaction principals
• basics of incineration processes: waste composition, calorific value, calculation of air demand and flue gas composition 
• Incineration techniques: grate firing, ash transfer, boiler
• Flue gas cleaning: Volume, composition, legal frame work and emission limits, dry treatment, scrubber, de-nox techniques, dioxin elimination, Mercury elimination
• Ash treatment: Mass, quality, treatment concepts, recycling, disposal

Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J. (Hrsg.): Thermische Abfallbehandlung Bande 1-7. EF-Verlag für Energie- und Umwelttechnik, Berlin, 196 - 2013.

• General introduction
• What are biofuels?
• Markets & trends 
• Legal framework
• Greenhouse gas savings 
• Generations of biofuels 
  • first-generation bioethanol 
    • raw materials
    • fermentation distillation 
  • biobutanol / ETBE
  • second-generation bioethanol 
    • bioethanol from straw
  • first-generation biodiesel 
    • raw materials 
    • Production Process
    • Biodiesel & Natural Resources
  • HVO / HEFA 
  • second-generation biodiesel
    • Biodiesel from Algae
• Biogas as fuel
  • the first biogas generation 
    • raw materials 
    • fermentation 
    • purification to biomethane 
  • Biogas second generation and gasification processes
• Methanol / DME from wood and Tall oil ©
  
  

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung
• Drapcho, Nhuan, Walker; Biofuels Engineering Process Technology
• Harwardt; Systematic design of separations for processing of biorenewables
• Kaltschmitt; Hartmann; Energie aus Biomasse: Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren
• Mousdale; Biofuels - Biotechnology, Chemistry and Sustainable Development
• VDI Wärmeatlas
  

• Life Cycle Assessment
  • Good example for the evaluation of CO2 savings potential by alternative fuels - Choice of system boundaries and databases
• Bioethanol production
  • Application task in the basics of thermal separation processes (rectification, extraction) will be discussed. The focus is on a column design, including heat demand, number of stages, reflux ratio ...
• Biodiesel production
  • Procedural options for solid / liquid separation, including basic equations for estimating power, energy demand, selectivity and throughput
• Biomethane production
  • Chemical reactions that are relevant in the production of biofuels, including equilibria, activation energies, shift reactions

Skriptum zur Vorlesung