• Interfaces in MPF (boundary layers, surfactants)
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Film Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Hydrodynamics & pressure drop in Bubbly Flows
• Mass Transfer in Film Flows
• Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows
• Mass Transfer in Bubbly Flows
• Reactive mass Transfer in Multiphase Flows
• Film Flow: Application Trickle Bed Reactors
• Pipe Flow: Application Turbular Reactors
• Bubbly Flow: Application Bubble Column Reactors

Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
Clift, R.; Grace, J.R.; Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops and Particles, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
Fan, L.-S.; Tsuchiya, K.: Bubble Wake Dynamics in Liquids and Liquid-Solid Suspensions, Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, Boston, USA, 1990.
Hewitt, G.F.; Delhaye, J.M.; Zuber, N. (Ed.): Multiphase Science and Technology. Hemisphere Publishing Corp, Vol. 1/1982 bis Vol. 6/1992.
Kolev, N.I.: Multiphase flow dynamics. Springer, Vol. 1 and 2, 2002.
Levy, S.: Two-Phase Flow in Complex Systems. Verlag John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1999.
Crowe, C.T.: Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1998.

In this Problem-Based Learning unit the students have to design a multiphase reactor for a fast chemical reaction concerning optimal hydrodynamic conditions of the multiphase flow. 

The four students in each team have to:

• collect and discuss material properties and equations for design from the literature,
• calculate the optimal hydrodynamic design,
• check the plausibility of the results critically,
• write an exposé with the results.

This exposé will be used as basis for the discussion within the oral group examen of each team.

• Introduction - Transport Processes in Chemical Engineering
• Molecular Heat- and Mass Transfer: Applications of Fourier's and Fick's Law
• Convective Heat and Mass Transfer: Applications in Process Engineering
• Unsteady State Transport Processes: Cooling & Drying
• Transport at fluidic Interfaces: Two Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal
• Transport Laws & Balance Equations  with turbulence, sinks and sources
• Experimental Determination of Transport Coefficients
• Design and Scale Up of Reactors for Heat- and Mass Transfer
• Reactive Mass Transfer 
  
• Processes with Phase Changes – Evaporization and Condensation 
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Fundamentals
• Radiative Heat Transfer - Solar Energy
  

1. Baehr, Stephan: Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley 2002.
2. Bird, Stewart, Lightfood: Transport Phenomena, Springer, 2000.
3. John H. Lienhard: A Heat Transfer Textbook,  Phlogiston Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 2008.
4. Myers: Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1971.
5. Incropera, De Witt: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley, 2002.
6. Beek, Muttzall: Transport Phenomena, Wiley, 1983.
7. Crank: The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford, 1995. 
8. Madhusudana: Thermal Contact Conductance, Springer, 1996.
9. Treybal: Mass-Transfer-Operation, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

   
   
   

   
   

1. Process optimization
   Application areas
   Formulation of constrained optimization
   Solving strategy
   Classes of optimization tasks
   
2. Process control
   Typical control functions of equipment and apparatus in process engineering
   Structures of control systems
   Plantwide control
3. Process Modeling
   Process models (steady state and dynamic behaviour)
   Degrees of freedom
   Examples from industrial practice
4. Process simulation
   Structured approach
   Numerical methods
   Flowsheeting
   Solution methods
   Examples for experimental validation in industrial practice
   Application of flowsheet simulation
5. Plant design and construction
   Introduction
   Industrial project implementation
   Project execution: Applied aspects in industrial use
   critical path method

Literatur (Planung und Bau von Produktionsanlagen): 

G. Barnecker, Planung und Bau verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen, Springer Verlag, 2001

F.P. Helmus, Anlagenplanung, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2003

E. Klapp, Apparate- und Anlagentechnik, Springer -Verlag,  Berlin, 1980

P. Rinza, Projektmanagement: Planung, Überwachung und Steuerung von technischen

und nichttechnischen Vorhaben, Düsseldorf,VDI-Verlag, 1994

K. Sattler, W. Kasper, Verfahrentechnische Anlagen, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2000

G.H. Vogel, Verfahrensentwicklung, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002

K.H. Weber, Inbetriebnahme verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1996

E. Wegener, Montagegerechte Anlagenplanung, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2003

• Introduction: overview, history of chromatography, LC (HPLC), GC, SFC
• Fundamentals of linear (analytical) chromatography, retention time/factor, separation factor, peak resolution, band broadening, Van-Deemter equation
• Fundamentals of nonlinear chromatography, discontinuous and continuous preparative chromatography (annular, true moving bed - TMB, simulated moving bed - SMB)
• Adsorption equilibrium: experimental determination of adsorption isotherms and modeling
• Equipment for chromatography, production and characterization of chromatographic adsorbents
  
• Method development, scale up methods, process design, modeling of chromatographic processes, economic aspects
• Applications: e.g. normal phase chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, chiral chromatography, bioaffinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography

• Schmidt-Traub, H.: Preparative Chromatography of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Agents. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2005) - eBook
• Carta, G.: Protein chromatography: process development and scale-up. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH (2010)
• Guiochon, G.; Lin, B.: Modeling for Preparative Chromatography. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2003)
• Hagel, L.: Handbook of process chromatography: development, manufacturing, validation and economics. London ;Burlington, MA Academic (2008) - eBook

• Introduction: overview about the separation process in biotechnology and pharmacy
• Handling of multicomponent systems
• Adsorption of biologic molecules
• Crystallization of biologic molecules
• Reactive extraction
• Aqueous two-phase systems
• Micellar systems: micellar extraction and micellar chromatographie
• Electrophoresis
•  Choice of the separation process for the specific systems

• Basic knowledge of separation processes for biotechnological and pharmaceutical processes
• Identification of specific features and limitations in bio-related systems
• Proof of economical value of the process

"Handbook of Bioseparations", Ed. S. Ahuja

http://www.elsevier.com/books/handbook-of-bioseparations-2/ahuja/978-0-12-045540-9

"Bioseparations Engineering" M. R. Ladish

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471244767.html

1. Introduction: Impact and potential of enzyme-catalysed processes in biotechnology.

2. History of microbial and enzymatic biotransformations.

3. Chirality - definition & measurement

4. Basic biochemical reactions, structure and function of enzymes.

5. Biocatalytic retrosynthesis of asymmetric molecules

6. Enzyme kinetics: mechanisms, calculations, multisubstrate reactions.

7. Reactors for biotransformations.

• K. Faber: Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry, Springer, 5th Ed., 2004
• A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
• R. B. Silverman: The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions, Academic Press, 2000
• K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. VCH, 2005.
• R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

1. Introduction

2. Production and Down Stream Processing of Biocatalysts

3. Analytics (offline/online)

4. Reaction Engineering & Process Control

• Definitions
• Reactors
• Membrane Processes
• Immobilization

5. Process Optimization

• Simplex / DOE / GA

6. Examples of Industrial Processes

• food / feed
• fine chemicals

7. Non-Aqueous Solvents as Reaction Media

• ionic liquids
• scCO2
• solvent free

•  A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey: Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006
•  H. Chmiel: Bioprozeßtechnik, Elsevier, 2005
•  K. Buchholz, V. Kasche, U. Bornscheuer: Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology, VCH, 2005
•  R. D. Schmidt: Pocket Guide to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Woley-VCH, 2003

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

1. Real reactors (residence time distribution E(t), F(t)-curve, measurement of E(t) or F(t), residence time distribution of ideal reactors, modeling of real reactors, segregated flow model, tanks in series model, dispersion model, compartment models)

2. Heterogeneous catalysis (what is a catalyst, operation principle of a catalyst, volcano plot, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, physisorption and chemisorption, turn-over frequency (TOF), Sabatier's principle, Bronstedt-Evans-Polyani-relationship, Adsorption isotherms of single and multi-component systems, kinetic models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, Eley-Rideal kinetics, power law rate equations, kinetic measurements on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the laboratory , microkinetic modeling, catalyst characterization)

3. Diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis (diffusion regimes, Knudsen-diffusion, molecular diffusion, surface diffusion, single-file diffusion, reference systems, Stefan-Maxwell-Equations, Fick's law, pore effectiveness factor, impact of diffusion limitations in heterogeneous catalysis, Damköhler-relation, mass- and energy balance of heterogeneous catalytic reactors)

4. Laboratory measurements in heterogeneous catalysis (temperature, pressure, concentration, mass flow controllers, laboratory reactors, experimental design)

1. Vorlesungsfolien R. Horn

2. Skript zur Vorlesung F. Keil

3. M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken, Technische Chemie, Wiley-VCH

4. G. Emig, E. Klemm, Technische Chemie, Springer

5. A. Behr, D. W. Agar, J. Jörissen, Einführung in die Technische Chemie 

6. E. Müller-Erlwein, Chemische Reaktionstechnik 2012, 2. Auflage, Teubner Verlag

7. J. Hagen, Chemiereaktoren: Auslegung und Simulation, 2004, Wiley-VCH

8. H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall B

9. H. S. Fogler, Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice Hall

10. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 

11. L. D. Schmidt, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

12. J. B. Butt, Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, 2000, Marcel Dekker

13. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

14. M. E. Davis, R. J. Davis, Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering, McGraw Hill 15. G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010                                                        

16. A. Jess, P. Wasserscheid, Chemical Technology  An Integrated Textbook, WILEY-VCH

17. C. G. Hill, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons

Execution and evaluation of several experiments in chemical reaction engineering.

* Calculation of error propagation and error analysis
* Steady state Wicke-Kallenbach measurements of diffusivities in a catalyst pellet
* Interaction of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle, dissociation of methanol on zinc oxide
* Mass transfer in gas/liquid system
* Stability of a CSTR (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride)

Skript zur Vorlesung, als Buch in der TU-Bibliothek

Praktikumsskript

Levenspiel, O.: Chemical reaction engineering; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3. Ed., 1999 VTM 309(LB)

Smith, J. M.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

Hill, C.: Chemical Engineering Kinetics & Reactor Design, John Wiley, New York, 1977.

Fogler, H. S. : Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2006

M. Baerns, A. Behr, A. Brehm, J. Gmehling, H. Hofmann, U. Onken, A. Renken: Technische Chemie, VCH , 2006

G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, 1990

Lecture and PBL

- Methods in genetics / molecular cloning

- Industrial relevance of microbes and their biocatalysts

- Biotransformation at extreme conditions

- Genomics

- Protein engineering techniques

- Synthetic biology

Relevante Literatur wird im Kurs zur Verfügung gestellt.

Grundwissen in Molekularbiologie, Genetik, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie erforderlich.

Lehrbuch: Brock - Mikrobiologie / Microbiology (Madigan et al.)

• History of microbiology and biotechnology
• Enzymes
• Molecular biology
• Fermentation
• Downstream Processing
  
• Industrial microbiological processes
• Technical enzyme application
• Biological Waste Water treatment 

Microbiology,  2013, Madigan, M., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D. A., Clark, D. P. (eds.), formerly „Brock“, Pearson

Industrielle Mikrobiologie, 2012, Sahm, H., Antranikian, G., Stahmann, K.-P., Takors, R. (eds.) Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. 

Angewandte Mikrobiologie, 2005, Antranikian, G. (ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo.

Design of bioreactors and peripheries:

• reactor types and geometry
• materials and surface treatment
• agitation system design
• insertion of stirrer
• sealings
• fittings and valves
• peripherals
• materials
• standardization
• demonstration in laboratory and pilot plant

Sterile operation:

• theory of sterilisation processes
• different sterilisation methods
• sterilisation of reactor and probes
• industrial sterile test, automated sterilisation
• introduction of biological material
• autoclaves
• continuous sterilisation of fluids
• deep bed filters, tangential flow filters
• demonstration and practice in pilot plant

Instrumentation and control:

• temperature control and heat exchange 
• dissolved oxygen control and mass transfer 
• aeration and mixing 
• used gassing units and gassing strategies
• control of agitation and power input 
• pH and reactor volume, foaming, membrane gassing

Bioreactor selection and scale-up:

• selection criteria
• scale-up and scale-down
• reactors for mammalian cell culture

Integrated biosystem:

• interactions and integration of microorganisms, bioreactor and downstream processing
• Miniplant technologies 

Team work with presentation:

• Operation mode of selected bioprocesses (e.g. fundamentals of batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivation)

• Storhas, Winfried, Bioreaktoren und periphere Einrichtungen, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1994
• Chmiel, Horst, Bioprozeßtechnik; Springer 2011
• Krahe, Martin, Biochemical Engineering, Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2013
• Other lecture materials to be distributed  

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Exercise)

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

Introduction to Biosystems Engineering

Experimental basis and methods for biosystems analysis

• Introduction to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
• More detailed treatment of metabolomics
• Determination of in-vivo kinetics
• Techniques for rapid sampling
• Quenching and extraction
• Analytical methods for determination of metabolite concentrations

Analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks

• Metabolic flux analysis
• Introduction
• Isotope labelling
• Elementary flux modes
• Mechanistic and structural network models
• Regulatory networks
• Systems analysis
• Structural network analysis
• Linear and non-linear dynamic systems
• Sensitivity analysis (metabolic control analysis)

Modelling and simulation for bioprocess engineering

• Modelling of bioreactors
• Dynamic behaviour of bioprocesses 

Selected projects for biosystems engineering

• Miniaturisation of bioreaction systems
• Miniplant technology for the integration of biosynthesis and downstream processin
• Technical and economic overall assessment of bioproduction processes

E. Klipp et al. Systems Biology in Practice, Wiley-VCH, 2006

R. Dohrn: Miniplant-Technik, Wiley-VCH, 2006

G.N. Stephanopoulos et. al.: Metabolic Engineering, Academic Press, 1998

I.J. Dunn et. al.: Biological Reaction Engineering, Wiley-VCH, 2003

Lecture materials to be distributed

In the Process Design Project the students have to design in teams an energy or process engineering plant by calculating and designing single plant components. The calculation of costs as well as the process safety is another important aspect of this course. Furthermore the approval procedures have to be taken into account.

This experimental course focuses on a complete process from starting material like glucose over several production steps to a valuable final product.

Production of the semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin is investigated and conducted as an example for industrial processes on a laboratory scale involving microorganisms as well as cell free enzymes. The first step - fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum to produce penicillin G - is carried out in the Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering of Prof. Zeng. After recovery of penicillin G it is hydrolysed by penicillin acylase (Escherichia coli) to produce 6-aminopenicillanic acid which is further acylated by the same enzyme to produce amoxicillin. The enzymatic steps are done in the Institute of Technical Biocatalysis of Prof. Liese.

A colloquium is part of the course.

Liese A, Seelbach K, Wandrey C, Industrial Biotransformations, Wiley-VCH, 2006

Chmiel H, Einführung in die Bioverfahrenstechnik, Elsevier Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2006

Schügerl K, Bioreaktionstechnik: Bioprozesse mit Mikroorganismen und Zellen. Prozeßüberwachung, Birkhäuser, 1997

Participation in actual projects:

- From gene to product in heterologous hosts

- Molecular biology

- Enzyme assays

- Taxonomy

1. Introduction to electrochemical energy conversion
2. Function and structure of electrolyte
3. Low-temperature fuel cell
   • Types
   • Thermodynamics of the PEM fuel cell
   • Cooling and humidification strategy
4. High-temperature fuel cell
   • The MCFC
   • The SOFC
   • Integration Strategies and partial reforming
5. Fuels
   • Supply of fuel
   • Reforming of natural gas and biogas
   • Reforming of liquid hydrocarbons
6. Energetic Integration and control of fuel cell systems

• Hamann, C.; Vielstich, W.: Elektrochemie 3. Aufl.; Weinheim: Wiley - VCH, 2003

• Basic concepts and tradable products in energy markets
• Primary energy markets
• Electricity Markets
• European Emissions Trading Scheme
• Influence of renewable energy
• Real options
• Risk management

Within the exercise the various tasks are actively discussed and applied to various cases of application.

1. Introduction to the deep geothermal use
2. Geological Basics I
3. Geological Basics II
4. Geology and thermal aspects
5. Rock Physical Aspects
6. Geochemical aspects
7. Exploration of deep geothermal reservoirs
   
8. Drilling technologies, piping and expansion
   
9. Borehole Geophysics
   
10. Underground system characterization and reservoir engineering
    
11. Microbiology and Upper-day system components
    
12. Adapted investment concepts, cost and environmental aspect

• Dipippo, R.: Geothermal Power Plants: Principles, Applications, Case Studies and Environmental Impact. Butterworth Heinemann; 3rd revised edition. (29. Mai 2012)
• www.geo-energy.org
• Edenhofer et al. (eds): Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation; Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
• Kaltschmitt et al. (eds): Erneuerbare Energien: Systemtechnik, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltaspekte. Springer, 5. Aufl. 2013.
• Kaltschmitt et al. (eds): Energie aus Erdwärme. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag; Auflage: 1999 (3. September 2001)
• Huenges, E. (ed.): Geothermal Energy Systems: Exploration, Development, and Utilization. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; Auflage: 1. Auflage (19. April 2010)

•Regional planning and decentralised systems

•Overview on innovative approaches

•In depth knowledge on advanced wastewater treatment options for different situations, for end-of-pipe and reuse

•Mathematical Modelling of Nitrogen Removal

•Exercises with calculations and design

Henze, Mogens:
Wastewater Treatment: Biological and Chemical Processes, Springer 2002, 430 pages

George Tchobanoglous, Franklin L. Burton, H. David Stensel:
Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Metcalf & Eddy
McGraw-Hill, 2004 - 1819 pages

Survey on advanced wastewater treatment

reuse of reclaimed municipal wastewater

Precipitation

Flocculation

Depth filtration

Membrane Processes

Activated carbon adsorption

Ozonation

"Advanced Oxidation Processes"

Disinfection

Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, McGraw-Hill, Boston 2003

Wassertechnologie, H.H. Hahn, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1987

Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- und Anlagenauslegung, T. Melin und R. Rautenbach, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2007

Trinkwasserdesinfektion: Grundlagen, Verfahren, Anlagen, Geräte, Mikrobiologie, Chlorung, Ozonung, UV-Bestrahlung, Membranfiltration, Qualitätssicherung, W. Roeske, Oldenbourg-Verlag, München 2006

Aggregate organic compounds (sum parameters)

Industrial wastewater

Processes for industrial wastewater treatment

Precipitation

Flocculation

Activated carbon adsorption

Recalcitrant organic compounds

Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, McGraw-Hill, Boston 2003

Wassertechnologie, H.H. Hahn, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1987

Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- und Anlagenauslegung, T. Melin und R. Rautenbach, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2007

Trinkwasserdesinfektion: Grundlagen, Verfahren, Anlagen, Geräte, Mikrobiologie, Chlorung, Ozonung, UV-Bestrahlung, Membranfiltration, Qualitätssicherung, W. Roeske, Oldenbourg-Verlag, München 2006

1. Basic laws and certification standards
2. Basics for calculations of pressurized vessels
3. Stress hypothesis
4. Selection of materials and fabrication processes
5. vessels with thin walls
6. vessels with thick walls
7. Safety installations
8. Safety analysis
   
   Applications:
   
   - subsea technology (manned and unmanned vessels)
   - steam vessels
   - heat exchangers
   - LPG, LEG transport vessels
   

1.      Introduction: Overview, achieving high pressure, range of parameters.

2.       Influence of pressure on properties of fluids: P,v,T-behaviour, enthalpy, internal energy,     entropy, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, interfacial tension.

3.      Influence of pressure on heterogeneous equilibria: Phenomenology of phase equilibria

4.      Overview on calculation methods for (high pressure) phase equilibria).
Influence of pressure on transport processes, heat and mass transfer.

5.      Separation processes at elevated pressures: Absorption, adsorption (pressure swing adsorption), distillation (distillation of air), condensation (liquefaction of gases)

6.      Supercritical fluids as solvents: Gas extraction, cleaning, solvents in reacting systems, dyeing, impregnation, particle formation (formulation)

7.      Reactions at elevated pressures. Influence of elevated pressure on biochemical systems: Resistance against pressure

Part III :  Industrial production

8.      Reaction : Haber-Bosch-process, methanol-synthesis, polymerizations; Hydrations, pyrolysis, hydrocracking; Wet air oxidation, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)

9.      Separation : Linde Process, De-Caffeination, Petrol and Bio-Refinery

10.  Industrial High Pressure Applications in Biofuel and Biodiesel Production

11.  Sterilization and Enzyme Catalysis

12.  Solids handling in high pressure processes, feeding and removal of solids, transport within the reactor.

13.   Supercritical fluids for materials processing.

14.  Cost Engineering

After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-         understand of the influences of pressure on properties of compounds, phase equilibria, and production processes.

-         Apply high pressure approches in the complex process design tasks

-         Estimate Efficiency of high pressure alternatives with respect to investment and operational costs

1.  Presence  (28 h)

2. Oral presentation of original scientific article (15 min) with written summary

3. Written examination and Case study 

    ( 2+3 : 32 h Workload)

60 hours total

Literatur:

Script: High Pressure Chemical Engineering.
G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Introduction/Overview on Properties of Supercritical Fluids (SCF)and their Application in Gas Extraction Processes
• Solubility of Compounds in Supercritical Fluids and Phase Equilibrium with SCF
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Fundamentals, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Extraction from Solid Substrates: Applications and Processes (including Supercritical Water)
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Fundamentals and Methods, Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer
• Countercurrent Multistage Extraction: Applications and Processes
• Solvent Cycle, Methods for Precipitation
• Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): Fundamentals and Application
• Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (SMB)
• Membrane Separation of Gases at High Pressures
• Separation by Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (Enzymes)

G. Brunner: Gas Extraction. An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York, 1994.

• Participants Workshop: Design of the most attractive productive Town
• Keynote lecture and video
• The limits of Urbanization / Green Cities
• The tragedy of the Rural: Soil degradation, agro chemical toxification, migration to cities
• Global Ecovillage Network: Upsides and Downsides around the World
• Visit of an Ecovillage
• Participants Workshop: Resources for thriving rural areas, Short presentations by participants, video competion
• TUHH Rural Development Toolbox
  
• Integrated New Town Development
• Participants workshop: Design of New Towns: Northern, Arid and Tropical cases
• Outreach: Participants campaign
• City with the Rural: Resilience, quality of live and productive biodiversity
  
  

• Ralf Otterpohl 2013: Gründer-Gruppen als Lebensentwurf: "Synergistische Wertschöpfung in erweiterten Kleinstadt- und Dorfstrukturen", in „Regionales Zukunftsmanagement Band 7: Existenzgründung unter regionalökonomischer Perspektive, Pabst Publisher, Lengerich
• http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk (Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation)
• TEDx New Town Ralf Otterpohl: http://youtu.be/_M0J2u9BrbU

• Keynote lecture and video
• Water & Soil: Water availability as a consequence of healthy soils
• Water and it’s utilization, Integrated Urban Water Management
• Water & Energy, lecture and panel discussion pro and con for a specific big dam project
• Rainwater Harvesting on Catchment level, Holistic Planned Grazing, Multi-Use-Reforestation
• Sanitation and Reuse of water, nutrients and soil conditioners, Conventional and Innovative Approaches
  
• Why are there excreta in water? Public Health, Awareness Campaigns
  
• Rehearsal session, Q&A
  

• Montgomery, David R. 2007: Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations, University of California Press
• Liu, John D.: http://eempc.org/hope-in-a-changing_climate/ (Integrated regeneration of the Loess Plateau, China, and sites in Ethiopia and Rwanda)
• http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk (Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation)

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology - The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology - Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

Butler, M (2004) Animal Cell Culture Technology - The basics, 2^nd ed. Oxford University Press

Ozturk SS, Hu WS (eds) (2006) Cell Culture Technology For Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, New York

Eibl, R.; D. Eibl; R. Pörtner; G. Catapano and P. Czermak: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering, Springer (2008). ISBN 978-3-540-68175-5

Pörtner R (ed) (2013) Animal Cell Biotechnology - Methods and Protocols. Humana Press

Bioeconomy is the production, utilization and conservation of biological resources, including related knowledge, science, technology, and innovation, to provide information products, processes, and services across all economic sectors aiming towards a sustainable biobased technology. In this course the significance of various topics including the production and processing of biomass, economics, logistic as well as management will be discussed. Technologies aiming at the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value-added products, such as food, feed, bio-based products (textiles, bioplastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals) and bioenergy will be presented. Biological tools including microorganisms and enzymes will be introduced. This approach with a focus on chemical and process engineering will provide a smooth transition from crude oil-based industry to Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy taking into consideration the environmental issues. This sustainable use of renewable resources for industrial purposes will ensure environmental protection and a long-term balance of social and economic gains.

- Micro kinetics, formal kinetics, molecularity, reaction order, integrated rate laws

- Complex reactions, reversible reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, approximation methods: steady-state, pseudo-first order, numerical solution of rate equations , example : Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction

- Experimental methods of kinetics, integral approach, differential approach, initial rate method, method of half-life, relaxation methods

- Collision theory, Maxwell velocity distribution, collision numbers, line of centers model

- Transition state theory, partition functions of atoms and molecules, examples, calculating reaction equilibria on the basis of molecular data only, heats of reaction, calculating rates of reaction by means of statistical thermodynamics

- Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions, peculiarities of heterogeneous reactions, mean-field approximation, Langmuir adsorption isotherm, reaction mechanisms, Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism, Eley-Rideal Mechanism, steady-state approximation, quasi-equilibrium approximation, most abundant reaction intermediate (MARI), reaction order, apparent activation energy, example: CO oxidation, transition state theory of surface reactions, Sabatier´s principle, sticking coefficient, parameter fitting

- Explosions, cold flames

J. I. Steinfeld, J. S. Francisco, W. L . Hase: Chemical Kinetics & Dynamics, Prentice Hall

K. J. Laidler: Chemical Kinetics, Harper & Row Publishers

R. K. Masel. Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis , Wiley

I. Chorkendorff,, J. W. Niemantsverdriet: Concepts of modern Catalysis and Kinetics, Wiley

• Basic values for optical systems and lighting technology
• Spectrum, black-bodies, color-perception
• Light-Sources und their characterization
• Photometrics
• Ray-Optics
• Matrix-Optics
• Stops, Pupils and Windows
• Light-field Technology
• Introduction to Wave-Optics
• Introduction to Holography

Introduction into polymer reaction engineering, free and controlled radical polymerization, coordination polymerization of olefins, ionic “living” polymerization, step polymerization (polyaddition, polycondensation), copolymerization, emulsion polymerization, specific challenges of the industrial implementation of polymerization reactions (viscosity increase, heat removal, scale-up, reactor safety, modelling of polymerization reactions and reactors), key competitive factors in polymer industry in Germany, EU and worldwide.

W. Keim: Kunststoffe - Synthese, Herstellungsverfahren, Apparaturen, 1. Auflage, Wiley-VCH, 2006

T. Meyer, J. Keurentjes: Handbook of Polymer Reaction Engineering, 2 Vol., 1. Ed., Wiley-VCH, 2005

A. Echte: Handbuch der technischen Polymerchemie, 1. Auflage, VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993

G. Odian: Principles of Polymerization, 4. Ed., Wiley-Interscience, 2004

J. Asua: Polymer Reaction Engineering, 1. Ed., Blackwell Publishing, 2007

Introduction to ceramic processing with emphasis on advanced structural ceramics. The course focus predominatly on powder-based processing, e.g. “powder-metauurgical techniques and sintering (soild state and liquid phase). Also, some aspects of glass and cement science as well as  new developments in powderless forming techniques of ceramics and ceramic composites will be addressed  Examples will be discussed in order to give engineering students an understanding of technology development  and specific applications of ceramic components.

Content:                                     1. Introduction

Inhalt:                                         2. Raw materials

                                                   3. Powder fabrication

                                                   4. Powder processing

                                                   5. Shape-forming processes

                                                   6. Densification, sintering

                                                   7. Glass and Cement technology

                                                   8. Ceramic-metal joining techniques

W.D. Kingery, „Introduction to Ceramics“, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975

ASM Engineering Materials Handbook Vol.4 „Ceramics and Glasses“, 1991

D.W. Richerson, „Modern Ceramic Engineering“, Marcel Decker, New York, 1992

Introduction

Sampling in different environmental compartments, sample transportation, sample storage

Sample preparation

Photometry

Wastewater analysis

Introduction into chromatography

Gas chromatography

HPLC

Mass spectrometry

Optical emission spectrometry

Atom absorption spectrometry

Roger Reeve, Introduction to Environmental Analysis, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002 (TUB: USD-728)

Pradyot Patnaik, Handbook of environmental analysis: chemical pollutants in air, water, soil, and solid wastes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010 (TUB: USD-716)

Chunlong Zhang, Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis,  John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2007 (TUB: USD-741)

Miroslav Radojević, Vladimir N. Bashkin, Practical Environmental Analysis
RSC Publ., Cambridge, 2006 (TUB: USD-720)

Werner Funk, Vera Dammann, Gerhild Donnevert, Sarah Iannelli (Translator), Eric Iannelli (Translator), Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry: Applications in Environmental, Food and Materials Analysis, Biotechnology, and Medical Engineering, 2nd Edition, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,Weinheim, 2007 (TUB: CHF-350)

STANDARD METHODS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER, 21st Edition, Andrew D. Eaton, Leonore S. Clesceri, Eugene W. Rice, and Arnold E. Greenberg, editors, 2005 (TUB:CHF-428)

K. Robards, P. R. Haddad, P. E. Jackson, Principles and Practice of
Modern Chromatographic Methods, Academic Press

G. Schwedt, Chromatographische Trennmethoden, Thieme Verlag

H. M. McNair, J. M. Miller, Basic Gas Chromatography, Wiley

W. Gottwald, GC für Anwender, VCH

B. A. Bidlingmeyer, Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications, Wiley

K. K. Unger, Handbuch der HPLC, GIT Verlag

G. Aced, H. J. Möckel, Liquidchromatographie, VCH

Charles B. Boss and Kenneth J. Fredeen, Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Perkin-Elmer Corporation 1997, On-line available at:
http://files.instrument.com.cn/bbs/upfile/2006291448.pdf

Atomic absorption spectrometry: theory, design and applications, ed. by S. J. Haswell 1991 (TUB: 2727-5614)

Royal Society of Chemistry, Atomic absorption spectometry (http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/130002/Files/6785_AAs.pdf)

Numerical methods for Initial Value Problems

• single step methods
• multistep methods
• stiff problems
• differential algebraic equations (DAE) of index 1

Numerical methods for Boundary Value Problems

• multiple shooting method
• difference methods
• variational methods
  

• E. Hairer, S. Noersett, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I: Nonstiff Problems
• E. Hairer, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations II: Stiff and Differential-Algebraic Problems
  

Kaltschmitt M., Hartmann H. (Hrsg.): Energie aus Bioamsse, Springer Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-540-64853-4

Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe,

Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. www.nachwachsende-rohstoffe.de

Bockisch M.: Nahrungsfette und -öle, Ulmer Verlag, 1993, ISBN 380000158175

• Introduction, actual state-of-the-art of waste incineration, aims. legal background, reaction principals
• basics of incineration processes: waste composition, calorific value, calculation of air demand and flue gas composition 
• Incineration techniques: grate firing, ash transfer, boiler
• Flue gas cleaning: Volume, composition, legal frame work and emission limits, dry treatment, scrubber, de-nox techniques, dioxin elimination, Mercury elimination
• Ash treatment: Mass, quality, treatment concepts, recycling, disposal

Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J. (Hrsg.): Thermische Abfallbehandlung Bande 1-7. EF-Verlag für Energie- und Umwelttechnik, Berlin, 196 - 2013.

1. Material- and Energybalance of the two-dimensionsal zweidimensionalen pseudo-homogeneous reactor model

2. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (Euler, Runge-Kutta, solvers for stiff problems, step controlled solvers)

3. Reactor design with one-dimensional models (ethane cracker, catalyst deactivation, tubular reactor with deactivating catalyst, moving bed reactor with regenerating catalyst, riser reactor, fluidized bed reactor)

4. Partial differential equations (classification, numerical solution Lösung, finite difference method, method of lines)

5. Examples of reactor design (isothermal tubular reactor with axial dispersion, dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene, wrong-way behaviour)

6. Boundary value problems (numerical solution, shooting method, concentration- and temperature profiles in a catalyst pellet, multiphase reactors, trickle bed reactor)

1. Lecture notes R. Horn

2. Lecture notes F. Keil

3.  G. F. Froment, K. B. Bischoff, J. De Wilde, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2010

4. R. Aris, Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Dover Pubn. Inc., 2000

Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering are inextricably linked. About 90% of all chemical intermediates and consumer products (fuels, plastics, fertilizers etc.) are produced with the aid of catalysts. Most of them, in particular large scale products, are produced by heterogeneous catalysis viz. gaseous or liquid reactants react on solid catalysts. In multiphase reactors gases, liquids and a solid catalyst are present.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays also a key role in any future energy scenario (fuel cells, electrocatalytic splitting of water) and in environmental engineering (automotive catalysis, photocatalyic abatement of water pollutants).

Heterogeneous catalysis is an interdisciplinary science requiring knowledge of different scientific disciplines such as

• Materials Science (synthesis and characterization of solid catalysts)
• Physics (structure and electronic properties of solids, defects)
• Physical Chemistry (thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, chemical kinetics, adsorption, desorption, spectroscopy, surface chemistry, theory)
• Reaction Engineering (catalytic reactors, mass- and heat transport in catalytic reactors, multi-scale modeling, application of heterogeneous catalysis)

• J.M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas: Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH
• I. Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, WILEY-VCH
• B.C. Gates: Catalytic Chemistry, John Wiley
• R.A. van Santen, P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, J.A. Moulijn, B.A. Averill (Eds.): Catalysis: an integrated approach, Elsevier
• D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science, Cambridge Univ. Press
• J.W. Niemantsverdriet: Spectrocopy in Catalysis, VCH
• F. Delannay (Ed.): Characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, Marcel Dekker
• C.H. Bartholomew, R.J. Farrauto: Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes (2nd Ed.),Wiley

Contents

- Common variables and terms for characterizing turbulence (energy spectra, energy cascade, etc.)

- An overview of Lagrange analysis methods and experiments in fluid mechanics

- Critical examination of the concept of turbulence and turbulent structures.

-Calculation of the transport of ideal fluid elements and associated analysis methods (absolute and relative diffusion, Lagrangian Coherent Structures, etc.)

- Implementation of a Runge-Kutta 4th-order in Matlab

- Introduction to particle integration using ODE solver from Matlab

- Problems from turbulence research

- Application analytical methods with Matlab.

Structure:

- 14 units a 2x45 min. 

- 10 units lecture

- 4 Units Matlab Exercise- Go through the exercises Matlab, Peer2Peer? Explain solutions to your colleague

Learning goals:

Students receive very specific, in-depth knowledge from modern turbulence research and transport analysis. → Knowledge

The students learn to classify the acquired knowledge, they study approaches to further develop the knowledge themselves and to relate different data sources to each other. → Knowledge, skills

The students are trained in the personal competence to independently delve into and research a scientific topic. → Independence

Matlab exercises in small groups during the lecture and guided Peer2Peer discussion rounds train communication skills in complex situations. The mixture of precise language and intuitive understanding is learnt. → Knowledge, social competence

Required knowledge:

Fluid mechanics 1 and 2 advantageous

Programming knowledge advantageous

Bakunin, Oleg G. (2008): Turbulence and Diffusion. Scaling Versus Equations. Berlin [u. a.]: Springer Verlag.

Bourgoin, Mickaël; Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Berg, Jacob; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): The role of pair dispersion in turbulent flow. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5762), S. 835-838. DOI: 10.1126/science.1121726.

Davidson, P. A. (2015): Turbulence. An introduction for scientists and engineers. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Graff, L. S.; Guttu, S.; LaCasce, J. H. (2015): Relative Dispersion in the Atmosphere from Reanalysis Winds. In: J. Atmos. Sci. 72 (7), S. 2769-2785. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0225.1.

Grigoriev, Roman (2011): Transport and Mixing in Laminar Flows. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Haller, George (2015): Lagrangian Coherent Structures. In: Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 47 (1), S. 137-162. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141322.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2010): Propagation of a chemical wave front in a quasi-two-dimensional superdiffusive flow. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 81 (6 Pt 2), S. 66211. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.066211.

Kameke, A. von; Huhn, F.; Fernández-García, G.; Muñuzuri, A. P.; Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. (2011): Double cascade turbulence and Richardson dispersion in a horizontal fluid flow induced by Faraday waves. In: Physical review letters 107 (7), S. 74502. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.074502.

Kameke, A.v.; Kastens, S.; Rüttinger, S.; Herres-Pawlis, S.; Schlüter, M. (2019): How coherent structures dominate the residence time in a bubble wake: An experimental example. In: Chemical Engineering Science 207, S. 317-326. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.033.

Klages, Rainer; Radons, Günter; Sokolov, Igor M. (2008): Anomalous Transport: Wiley.

LaCasce, J. H. (2008): Statistics from Lagrangian observations. In: Progress in Oceanography 77 (1), S. 1-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.02.002.

Neufeld, Zoltán; Hernández-García, Emilio (2009): Chemical and Biological Processes in Fluid Flows: PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO.

Onu, K.; Huhn, F.; Haller, G. (2015): LCS Tool: A computational platform for Lagrangian coherent structures. In: Journal of Computational Science 7, S. 26-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2014.12.002.

Ouellette, Nicholas T.; Xu, Haitao; Bourgoin, Mickaël; Bodenschatz, Eberhard (2006): An experimental study of turbulent relative dispersion models. In: New J. Phys. 8 (6), S. 109. DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/8/6/109.

Pope, Stephen B. (2000): Turbulent Flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rivera, M. K.; Ecke, R. E. (2005): Pair dispersion and doubling time statistics in two-dimensional turbulence. In: Physical review letters 95 (19), S. 194503. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.194503.

Vallis, Geoffrey K. (2010): Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. Fundamentals and large-scale circulation. 5. printing. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

I. Repetition of engineering basics

1. Shell and tube heat exchangers
2. Steam generators and refrigerating machines
3. Pumps and turbines
4. Flow in piping networks
5. Pumping and mixing of non-newtonian fluids
6. Requirements to a detailed layout plan 

 II. Calculation:

1. Planning and design of a specific bio-refinery plant section, such as Ethanol distillation and fermentation. This is based on empirical valuse of a real, industrial plant.
   • Mass and energy balances (Aspen)
   • Equipment design (heat exchangers, pumps, pipes, tanks, etc.) (
   • Isolation, wall thickness and material selection
   • Energy demand (electrical, heat or cooling), design of steam boilers and appliances
   • Selection of fittings, measuring instruments and safety equipment
   • Definition of main control loops
2. Hereby, the dependencies of transport phenomena between certain plant sections become evident and methods of calculation are introduced.
3. In Detail Engineering , it is focused on aspects of plant engineering planning that are relevant for the subsequent construction of the plant.
4. Depending of time requirement and group size a cost estimation and preparation of a complete R&I flow chart can be implemented as well.

Perry, R.;Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8^th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 2007

Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014

• CAPE = Computer-Aided-Project-Engineering

• INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY    
  • Classes of simulation programs
  • Sequential modular approach
  • Equation-oriented approach
  • Simultaneous modular approach
  • General procedure for the processing of modeling tasks
  • Special procedure for solving models with repatriations
• COMPUTER EXERCISES renewable energy projects WITH ASPEN PLUS ® AND ASPEN CUSTOM MODELER ®    
  • Scope, potential and limitations of Aspen Plus ® and Aspen Custom Modeler ®
  • Use of integrated databases for material data
  • Methods for estimating non-existent physical property data
  • Use of model libraries and Process Synthesis
  • Application of design specifications and sensitivity analyzes
  • Solving optimization problems

Within the seminar, the various tasks are actively discussed and applied to various cases of application.

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide
• William L. Luyben; Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
  

I. Introduction

       1. Fundamentals of steady state process simulation

       1.1. Classes of simulation tools
       1.2. Sequential-modularer approach
       1.3. Operating mode of ASPEN PLUS
       2. Introduction in ASPEN PLUS
       2.1. GUI
       2.2. Estimation methods of physical properties
       2.3. Aspen tools (z.B. Designspecification)
       2.4. Convergence methods

II. Exercices using ASPEN PLUS and ACM

            Application of model databank, process synthesis

            Design specifications

            Sensitivity analysis
            Optimization tasks
            Industrial cases

- G. Fieg: Lecture notes
- Seider, W.D.; Seader, J.D.; Lewin, D.R.: Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis,
  and Evaluation; Hoboken, J. Wiley & Sons, 2010

Bender, H.: Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Weinheim (2005)
Bender, H.: Das Gefahrstoffbuch. Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen in der Praxis; Weinheim (2002)
Birett, K.: Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen; Heidelberg (2011)
Birgersson, B.; Sterner, O.; Zimerson, E.: Chemie und Gesundheit; Weinheim (1988)

R. Dittmeyer, W. Keim, G. Kreysa, A. Oberholz, Chemische Technik, Prozesse und Produkte, Band 1

    Methodische Grundlagen, VCH, 2004-2006, S. 719

H. Pohle, Chemische Industrie, Umweltschutz, Arbeitsschutz, Anlagensicherheit, VCH, Weinheim, 1991

J. Steinbach, Chemische Sicherheitstechnik, VCH, Weinheim, 1995

G. Suter, Identifikation sicherheitskritischer Prozesse, P&A Kompendium, 2004

The lecture offers a general introduction to the basics and possibilities of applied mathematical optimization and deals with application areas on different scales from kinetics identification, optimal design of unit operations to the optimization of entire (sub)processes, and production planning. In addition to the basic classification and formulation of optimization problems, different solution approaches are discussed. Besides deterministic gradient-based methods, metaheuristics such as evolutionary and genetic algorithms and their application are discussed as well.

- Introduction to Applied Optimization

- Formulation of optimization problems

- Linear Optimization

- Nonlinear Optimization

- Mixed-integer (non)linear optimization

- Multi-objective optimization

- Global optimization

Weicker, K., Evolutionäre Algortihmen, Springer, 2015

Edgar, T. F., Himmelblau D. M., Lasdon, L. S., Optimization of Chemical Processes, McGraw Hill, 2001

Biegler, L. Nonlinear Programming - Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Processes, 2010

Kallrath, J. Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung: Modellierung in der Praxis, Vieweg, 2002

• Exercise in form of "Project based Learning"
  
• Agglomeration, particle size enlargement
• advanced particle size reduction
• Advanced theorie of fluid/particle flows
• CFD-methods for the simulation of disperse fluid/solid flows, Euler/Euler methids, Descrete Particle Modeling
• Treatment of simulation problems with distributed properties, solution of population balances

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

• Fluidization
• Agglomeration
• Granulation
• Drying
• Determination of mechanical properties of agglomerats

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

- foundations of problem solving and system modeling, discrete event systems
- properties of processes, modeling using automata and Petri-nets
- design considerations for processes (mutex, deadlock avoidance, liveness)
- optimal scheduling for processes
- optimal decisions when planning manufacturing systems, decisions under uncertainty
- software design and software architectures for automation, PLCs

J. Lunze: „Automatisierungstechnik“, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2012
Reisig: Petrinetze: Modellierungstechnik, Analysemethoden, Fallstudien; Vieweg+Teubner 2010
Hrúz, Zhou: Modeling and Control of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems; Springer 2007
Li, Zhou: Deadlock Resolution in Automated Manufacturing Systems, Springer 2009
Pinedo: Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Services, Springer 2009

• basic methods of image processing
• smoothing filters
• the diffusion / heat equation
• variational formulations in image processing
• edge detection
• de-convolution
• inpainting
  
• image segmentation
• image registration

Presentation of the task
Introduction to design and analysis of a chemical processing plant (example chemical processing plants)
Discussion of the process, preparation of process flow diagram
Calculation of material balance
Calculation of energy balance
Designing/Sizing of the equipment
Capital cost estimation
Production cost estimation
Process control & HAZOP Study
Lecture 11 = Process optimization
Lecture 12 = Final Project Presentation

Richard Turton; Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes:International Edition

Harry Silla; Chemical Process Engineering: Design And Economics

Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering, Volume 6, Second Edition: Chemical Engineering Design

Lorenz T. Biegler;Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design

Max S. Peters, Klaus Timmerhaus; Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers

James Douglas; Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes

Robin Smith; Chemical Process: Design and Integration

Warren D. Seider; Process design principles, synthesis analysis and evaluation

Introduction

Flowsheet (Discussion)

Mass and Energy Balances

Economics

Process Safety

Richard Turton; Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes:International Edition

Harry Silla; Chemical Process Engineering: Design And Economics

Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering, Volume 6, Second Edition: Chemical Engineering Design

Lorenz T. Biegler;Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design

Max S. Peters, Klaus Timmerhaus; Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers

James Douglas; Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes

Robin Smith; Chemical Process: Design and Integration

Warren D. Seider; Process design principles, synthesis analysis and evaluation

Introduction: definition, fluidization regimes, comparison with other types of gas/solids reactors
Typical fluidized bed applications
Fluidmechanical principle
Local fluid mechanics of gas/solid fluidization
Fast fluidization (circulating fluidized bed)
Entrainment
Solids mixing in fluidized beds
Application of fluidized beds to granulation and drying processes

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

Experiments:

• Determination of the minimum fluidization velocity
• heat transfer
• granulation
• drying

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

Exercises and calculation examples for the lecture Fluidization Technology

Kunii, D.; Levenspiel, O.: Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991.

Charaterisation of Wastewater
Metobolism of Microorganisms
Kinetic of mirobiotic processes
Calculation of bioreactor for wastewater treatment
Concepts of Wastewater treatment
Design of WWTP
Excursion to a WWTP
Biofilms
Biofim Reactors
Anaerobic Wastewater and sldge treatment
resources oriented sanitation technology
Future challenges of wastewater treatment

Gujer, Willi
Siedlungswasserwirtschaft : mit 84 Tabellen
ISBN: 3540343296 (Gb.) URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/516261924.pdf URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842122&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2007
TUB_HH_Katalog
Henze, Mogens
Wastewater treatment : biological and chemical processes
ISBN: 3540422285 (Pp.)
Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2002
TUB_HH_Katalog
Imhoff, Karl (Imhoff, Klaus R.;)
Taschenbuch der Stadtentwässerung : mit 10 Tafeln
ISBN: 3486263331 ((Gb.))
München [u.a.] : Oldenbourg, 1999
TUB_HH_Katalog
Lange, Jörg (Otterpohl, Ralf; Steger-Hartmann, Thomas;)
Abwasser : Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfähigen Wasserwirtschaft
ISBN: 3980350215 (kart.) URL: http://www.gbv.de/du/services/agi/52567E5D44DA0809C12570220050BF25/000000700334
Donaueschingen-Pfohren : Mall-Beton-Verl., 2000
TUB_HH_Katalog
Mudrack, Klaus (Kunst, Sabine;)
Biologie der Abwasserreinigung : 18 Tabellen
ISBN: 382741427X URL: http://www.gbv.de/du/services/agi/94B581161B6EC747C1256E3F005A8143/420000114903
Heidelberg [u.a.] : Spektrum, Akad. Verl., 2003
TUB_HH_Katalog
Tchobanoglous, George (Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., ;)
Wastewater engineering : treatment and reuse
ISBN: 0070418780 (alk. paper) ISBN: 0071122508 (ISE (*pbk))
Boston [u.a.] : McGraw-Hill, 2003
TUB_HH_Katalog
Henze, Mogens
Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3
ISBN: 1900222248
London : IWA Publ., 2002
TUB_HH_Katalog
Kunz, Peter
Umwelt-Bioverfahrenstechnik
Vieweg, 1992
Bauhaus-Universität., Arbeitsgruppe Weiterbildendes Studium Wasser und Umwelt (Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall, ;)
Abwasserbehandlung : Gewässerbelastung, Bemessungsgrundlagen, Mechanische Verfahren, Biologische Verfahren, Reststoffe aus der Abwasserbehandlung, Kleinkläranlagen
ISBN: 3860682725 URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/toc/513989765_toc.pdf URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/abs/513989765_abs.pdf
Weimar : Universitätsverl, 2006
TUB_HH_Katalog
Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall
DWA-Regelwerk
Hennef : DWA, 2004
TUB_HH_Katalog
Wiesmann, Udo (Choi, In Su; Dombrowski, Eva-Maria;)
Fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment
ISBN: 3527312196 (Gb.) URL: http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2774611&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH, 2007
TUB_HH_Katalog

In the lecture methods for the reduction of emissions from industrial plants are treated. At the beginning a short survey of the different forms of air pollutants is given. In the second part physical principals for the removal of particulate and gaseous pollutants form flue gases are treated. Industrial applications of these principles are demonstrated with examples showing the removal of specific compounds, e.g. sulfur or mercury from flue gases of incinerators.

Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002
Atmospheric pollution : history, science, and regulation, Mark Zachary Jacobson. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002
Air pollution control technology handbook, Karl B. Schnelle. - Boca Raton [u.a.] : CRC Press, c 2002
Air pollution, Jeremy Colls. - 2. ed. - London [u.a.] : Spon, 2002

• Phase equilibria in multicomponent systems
  
• Partioning in biorelevant systems
• Calculation of phase equilibria in colloidal systems: UNIFAC, COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Calculation of partitioning coefficients in biological membranes: COSMO-RS (exercises in computer pool)
• Application of equations of state (vapour pressure, phase equilibria, etc.) (exercises in computer pool) 
• Intermolecular forces, interaction Potenitials
• Introduction in statistical thermodynamics
  

exercises in computer pool, see lecture description for more details

• Central part of this module is a group work on a subtopic of the lectures. The focus of these projects will be based on an interview with a target audience, practitioners or scientists.

• The group work is divided into several Milestones and Assignments. The outcome will be presented in a final presentation at the end of the semester.
  
  
  

• J. Lange, R. Otterpohl 2000: Abwasser - Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfähigen Abwasserwirtschaft. Mallbeton Verlag (TUHH Bibliothek)
• Winblad, Uno and Simpson-Hébert, Mayling 2004: Ecological Sanitation, EcoSanRes, Sweden (free download)
• Schober, Sabine: WTO/TUHH Award winning Terra Preta Toilet Design: http://youtu.be/w_R09cYq6ys

• Living Soil - THE key element of Rural Development
• Participatory Approaches
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Ecological Sanitation Principles and practical examples
  
• Permaculture Principles of Rural Development
• Performance and Resilience of Organic Small Farms
• Going Further: The TUHH Toolbox for Rural Development
  
• EMAS Technologies, Low cost drinking water supply
  

• Miracle Water Village, India, Integrated Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficiency, Reforestation and Sanitation: http://youtu.be/9hmkgn0nBgk
• Montgomery, David R. 2007: Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations, University of California Press

1. Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
2. Brauer, H.; Mewes, D.: Stoffaustausch einschließlich chemischer Reaktion. Frankfurt: Sauerländer 1972.
3. Crowe, C. T.: Engineering fluid mechanics. Wiley, New York, 2009.
4. Durst, F.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Theorie der Strömungen von Fluiden. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
5. Fox, R.W.; et al.: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. J. Wiley & Sons, 1994.
6. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Eine Einführung in die Physik und die mathematische Modellierung von Strömungen. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2006.
7. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Physik von technischen Strömungen: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2008.
8. Kuhlmann, H.C.:  Strömungsmechanik. München, Pearson Studium, 2007
9. Oertl, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Grundlagen, Grundgleichungen, Lösungsmethoden, Softwarebeispiele. Vieweg+ Teubner / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2009.
10. Schade, H.; Kunz, E.: Strömungslehre. Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2007.
11. Truckenbrodt, E.: Fluidmechanik 1: Grundlagen und elementare Strömungsvorgänge dichtebeständiger Fluide. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.
12. Schlichting, H. : Grenzschicht-Theorie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006.
13. van Dyke, M.: An Album of Fluid Motion. The Parabolic Press, Stanford California, 1882.  
14. White, F.: Fluid Mechanics, Mcgraw-Hill, ISBN-10: 0071311211, ISBN-13: 978-0071311212, 2011.
    

• Differential equations for momentum-, heat and mass transfer   
• Examples for simplifications of the Navier-Stokes Equations 
• Unsteady momentum transfer
  
• Free shear layer, turbulence and free jets
  
• Flow around particles - Solids Process Engineering
  
• Coupling of momentum and heat transfer - Thermal Process Engineering
  
• Rheology – Bioprocess Engineering
• Coupling of momentum- and mass transfer – Reactive mixing, Chemical Process Engineering 
• Flow threw porous structures - heterogeneous catalysis
  
• Pumps and turbines - Energy- and Environmental Process Engineering 
• Wind- and Wave-Turbines - Renewable Energy
• Introduction into Computational Fluid Dynamics
  
  

1. Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
2. Brauer, H.; Mewes, D.: Stoffaustausch einschließlich chemischer Reaktion. Frankfurt: Sauerländer 1972.
3. Crowe, C. T.: Engineering fluid mechanics. Wiley, New York, 2009.
4. Durst, F.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Theorie der Strömungen von Fluiden. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
5. Fox, R.W.; et al.: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. J. Wiley & Sons, 1994.
6. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Eine Einführung in die Physik und die mathematische Modellierung von Strömungen. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2006.
7. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Physik von technischen Strömungen: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2008.
8. Kuhlmann, H.C.:  Strömungsmechanik. München, Pearson Studium, 2007
9. Oertl, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Grundlagen, Grundgleichungen, Lösungsmethoden, Softwarebeispiele. Vieweg+ Teubner / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2009.
10. Schade, H.; Kunz, E.: Strömungslehre. Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2007.
11. Truckenbrodt, E.: Fluidmechanik 1: Grundlagen und elementare Strömungsvorgänge dichtebeständiger Fluide. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.
12. Schlichting, H. : Grenzschicht-Theorie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006.
13. van Dyke, M.: An Album of Fluid Motion. The Parabolic Press, Stanford California, 1882.