Manufacturing and Properties of CNTs and Graphen

Manufacturing and Properties of 3-dimensional Graphenstruktures

Polymer Composites with carbon nanoparticles

The materials discussed in this lecture differ from „conventional“ ones due to their individual hierarchic microstructure. In conventional microstructure design, the morphology is adjusted, for instance, by thermal treatment and concurrent mechanical deformation. The material is continually and steadily optimized by small changes in structure or chemical composition, also in combination with self-organization processes (precipitation alloys, ceramic glasses, eutectic structures).

The presented materials consist of functionalized elementary functional units based on polymers, ceramics, metals and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are used to create macroscopic hierarchical material systems, whose characteristic lengths range from the nanometer to the centimeter scale. These elementary functional units are either core-shell structures or cavities in metals created by alloy corrosion and subsequent polymer filling.

Three classes of material systems will be presented:

First, hierarchically structured ceramic/metal-polymer material systems similar to naturally occurring examples, namely nacre (1 hierarchical level), enamel (3 hierarchical levels) and bone (5 hierarchical levels) will be discussed. Starting with an elementary functional unit consisting of ceramic nanoparticles with a polymeric coating, a material is created in which on each hierarchical level, “hard” particles, made of the respective lower hierarchical level, are present in a soft polymer background. The resulting core-shell structure on each hierarchical level is the fundamental difference compared to a compound material made of rigid interpenetrating ceramic or metallic networks.

The second material system is based on nanoporous gold, which acts as a prototypical material for new components in light weight construction with simultaneous actuator properties. Their production and resulting length-scale specific mechanical properties will be explained. Furthermore, related scale-spanning theoretical models for their mechanical behavior will be introduced. This covers the entire scale from the electronic structure on the atomic level up to centimeter-sized macroscopic samples.

The third material system discussed in the lecture are novel hierarchical nanostructured materials based on thermally stable ceramics and metals for high-temperature photonics with potential use in thermophotovoltaic systems (TPVs) and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Direct and inverted 3D-photonic crystal structures (PhCs) as well as novel optically hyperbolic media, in particular, are worthwhile noting. Due to their periodicity and diffraction index contrast, PhCs exhibit a photonic band structure, characterized by photonic band gaps, areas of particularly high photonic densities of states and special dispersion relations. The presented properties are to be used to reflect thermal radiation in TBCs in a strong and directed manner, as well as to link radiation effectively and efficiently in TPVs.

Aktuelle Publikationen

Für den Elektromagnetismus:

• Bergmann-Schäfer: „Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik“, Band 2: „Elektromagnetismus“, de Gruyter

Für die Atomphysik:

• Haken, Wolf: „Atom- und Quantenphysik“, Springer

Für die Materialphysik und Elastizität:

• Hornbogen, Warlimont: „Metallkunde“, Springer

- Why atomistic materials modeling
- Newton's equations of motion and numerical approaches
- Ergodicity
- Atomic models
- Basics of quantum mechanics
- Atomic & molecular many-electron systems
- Hartree-Fock and Density-Functional Theory
- Monte-Carlo Methods
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations
- Phase Field Simulations

Begleitliteratur zur Vorlesung (sortiert nach Relevanz):

1. Daan Frenkel & Berend Smit „Understanding Molecular Simulations“
2. Mark E. Tuckerman „Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Molecular Simulations“
3. Andrew R. Leach „Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications“

Zur Vorbereitung auf den quantenmechanischen Teil der Klausur empfiehlt sich folgende Literatur

1. Regine Freudenstein & Wilhelm Kulisch "Wiley Schnellkurs Quantenmechanik"
   

- Daan Frenkel & Berend Smit: Understanding Molecular Simulation from Algorithms to Applications

- Rudolf Gross und Achim Marx: Festkörperphysik

• Structural characterization by photons, neutrons and electrons (in particular X-ray and neutron scattering, electron microscopy, tomography)
• Mechanical and thermodynamical characterization methods (indenter measurements, mechanical compression and tension tests, specific heat measurements)
  

• Characterization of optical, electrical and magnetic properties (spectroscopy, electrical conductivity and magnetometry)

  
  

William D. Callister und David G. Rethwisch, Materialwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnik, Wiley&Sons, Asia (2011).

William D. Callister, Materials Science and Technology, Wiley& Sons, Inc. (2007).

Fundamentals of statistical physics, formal structure of phenomenological thermodynamics, simple atomistic models and free-energy functions of solid solutions and compounds. Corrections due to nonlocal interaction (elasticity, gradient terms). Phase equilibria and alloy phase diagrams as consequence thereof. Simple atomistic considerations for interaction energies in metallic solid solutions. Diffusion in real systems. Kinetics of phase transformations for real-life boundary conditions. Partitioning, stability and morphology at solidification fronts. Order of phase transformations; glass transition. Phase transitions in nano- and microscale systems.

D.A. Porter, K.E. Easterling, “Phase transformations in metals and alloys”, New York, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2009, 3. Auflage

Peter Haasen, „Physikalische Metallkunde“ , Springer 1994

Herbert B. Callen, “Thermodynamics and an introduction to thermostatistics”, New York, NY: Wiley, 1985, 2. Auflage.

Robert W. Cahn und Peter Haasen, "Physical Metallurgy", Elsevier 1996

H. Ibach, “Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces” 2006, Berlin: Springer.

Finite Element Method (discretisation, solver, programming with Python, automatized control and analysis of parametric studies)

Examples of elastomechanics (tension, bending, four-point-bending, contact)

Material behaviour (elasticity, plasticity, small and finite deformations, nonlinearities)

Solution of inverse problems (machining of data, artificial neural networks, direct and inverse solutions, existence and uniqueness)

Alle Vorlesungsmaterialien und Beispiellösungen (Input-Dateien, Python Scirpte) werden auf Stud.IP zur Verfügung gestellt.

All lecture material and example solutions (input files, python scripts) will be made available in Stud.IP.

• Actuators for modern fuel injection systems - synthesis and properties of a model lead-free actuator

• Actuation with porous metals

• siehe Versuchsbeschreibungen sowie die dort angegebenen Literaturverweise auf StudIP

Theoretical Strength
Of a perfect crystalline material, theoretical critical shear stress

Real strength of brittle materials
Energy release reate, stress intensity factor, fracture criterion

Scattering of strength of brittle materials
Defect distribution, strength distribution, Weibull distribution

Heterogeneous materials I
Internal stresses, micro cracks, weight function,

Heterogeneous materials II
Toughening mechanisms: crack bridging, fibres

Heterogeneous materials III
Toughening mechanisms. Process zone

Testing methods to determine the fracture toughness of brittle materials

R-curve, stable/unstable crack growth, fractography

Thermal shock

Subcritical crack growth)
v-K-curve, life time prediction

Kriechen

Mechanical properties of biological materials

Examples of use for a mechanically reliable design of ceramic components

D R H Jones, Michael F. Ashby, Engineering Materials 1, An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design, Elesevier

D.J. Green, An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics”, Cambridge University Press, 1998

B.R. Lawn, Fracture of Brittle Solids“, Cambridge University Press, 1993

D. Munz, T. Fett, Ceramics, Springer, 2001

D.W. Richerson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Marcel Decker, New York, 1992

This class will cover the principles of dislocation theory from a physical metallurgy perspective, providing a fundamental understanding of the relations between the strength and of crystalline solids and distributions of defects.

We will review the concept of dislocations, defining terminology used, and providing an overview of important concepts (e.g. linear elasticity, stress-strain relations, and stress transformations) for theory development. We will develop the theory of dislocation plasticity through derived stress-strain fields, associated self-energies, and the induced forces on dislocations due to internal and externally applied stresses. Dislocation structure will be discussed, including core models, stacking faults, and dislocation arrays (including grain boundary descriptions). Mechanisms of dislocation multiplication and strengthening will be covered along with general principles of creep and strain rate sensitivity. Final topics will include non-FCC dislocations, emphasizing the differences in structure and corresponding implications on dislocation mobility and macroscopic mechanical behavior; and dislocations in finite volumes.

Vorlesungsskript

Aktuelle Publikationen

Bücher:

Introduction to Dislocations, by D. Hull and D.J. Bacon

Theory of Dislocations, by J.P.  Hirth and J. Lothe

Physical Metallurgy, by Peter Hassen

1. Porous Solids - Preparation, Characterization and Functionalities
2. Fluidics with nanoporous membranes
3. Thermoplastic elastomers
4. Optimization of polymer properties by nanoparticles
5. Fiber composites in automotive
6. Modeling of materials based on quantum mechanics
7. Biomaterials

Aktuelle Publikationen aus der Fachliteratur werden während der Veranstaltung bekanntgegeben.

- Structure and properties of polymers

- Structure of macromolecules

  Constitution, Configuration, Conformation, Bonds, Synthesis, Molecular weihght distribution

- Morphology

  amorph, crystalline, blends

- Properties

  Elasticity, plasticity, viscoelacity

- Thermal properties

- Electrical properties

- Theoretical modelling

- Applications

Manufacturing of Polymers: General Properties; Calendering; Extrusion; Injection Moulding; Thermoforming, Foaming; Joining

Designing with Polymers: Materials Selection; Structural Design; Dimensioning

Osswald, Menges: Materials Science of Polymers for Engineers, Hanser Verlag
Crawford: Plastics engineering, Pergamon Press
Michaeli: Einführung in die Kunststoffverarbeitung, Hanser Verlag

Konstruieren mit Kunststoffen, Gunter Erhard , Hanser Verlag

Students get the task in the form of a customer request for the development and production of a MTB handlebar made ​​of fiber composites. In the task technical and normative requirements (standards) are given, all other required information come from the lectures and tutorials, and the respective documents (electronically and in conversation). 
  The procedure is to specify in a milestone schedule and allows students to plan tasks and to work continuously. At project end, each group has a made handlebar with approved quality.
In each project meeting the design (discussion of the requirements and risks) are discussed. The calculations are analyzed, evaluated and established manufacturing methods are selected. Materials are selected bar will be produced. The quality and the mechanical properties are checked. At the end of the final report created (compilation of the results for the "customers").
After the test during the "customer / supplier conversation" there is a mutual feedback-talk ("lessons learned") in order to ensure the continuous improvement.

Customer Request ("Handout")

- Microstructure and properties of the matrix and reinforcing materials and their interaction
- Development of composite materials
- Mechanical and physical properties
- Mechanics of Composite Materials
- Laminate theory
- Test methods
- Non destructive testing
- Failure mechanisms
- Theoretical models for the prediction of properties
- Application

Contents:

The lecture and the related laboratory exercises intend to provide an insight on advanced joining technologies for polymer-metal lightweight structures used in engineering applications. A general understanding of the principles of the consolidated and new technologies and its main fields of applications is to be accomplished through theoretical and practical lectures.

Theoretical Lectures:

• Review of the relevant properties of Lightweight Alloys, Engineering Plastics and Composites in Joining Technology
• Introduction to Welding of Lightweight Alloys, Thermoplastics and Fiber Reinforced Plastics
• Mechanical Fastening of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures
• Adhesive Bonding of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures
• Fusion and Solid State Joining Processes of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures
• Hybrid Joining Methods and Direct Assembly of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures

Laboratory Exercises:

• Joining Processes: Introduction to state-of-the-art joining technologies
• Introduction to metallographic specimen preparation, optical microscopy and mechanical testing of polymer-metal joints

Course Outcomes:

After successful completion of this unit, students should be able to understand the principles of welding and joining of polymer-metal lightweight structures as well as their application fields.

• S. T. Amancio-Filho, L.-A. Blaga, Joining of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures, Wiley, 2018
• J.F. Shackelford, Introduction to materials science for engineers, Prentice-Hall International
• J. Rotheiser, Joining of Plastics, Handbook for designers and engineers, Hanser Publishers
• D.A. Grewell, A. Benatar, J.B. Park, Plastics and Composites Welding Handbook
• D. Lohwasser, Z. Chen, Friction Stir Welding, From basics to applications, Woodhead Publishing Limited
• J. Friedrich, Metal-Polymer Systems: Interface Design and Chemical Bonding, Wiley, 2017
  
  

Lightweight construction

- Structural lightweight construction

- Material lightweight construction

- Choice criteria for metallic lightweight construction materials

 Steel as lightweight construction materials

- Introduction to the fundamentals of steels

- Modern steels for the lightweight construction

  - Fine grain steels

  - High-strength low-alloyed steels

  - Multi-phase steels (dual phase, TRIP)

  - Weldability

  - Applications

Aluminium alloys:

Introduction to the fundamentals of aluminium materials

Alloy systems

Non age-hardenable Al alloys: Processing and microstructure, mechanical qualities and applications

Age-hardenable Al alloys: Processing and microstructure, mechanical qualities and applications

Magnesium alloys

Introduction to the fundamental of magnesium materials

Alloy systems

Magnesium casting alloys, processing, microstructure and qualities

Magnesium wrought alloys, processing, microstructure and qualities

Examples of applications

Titanium alloys

Introduction to the fundamental of the titanium materials

Alloy systems

Processing, microstructure and properties

Examples of applications

Exercises and excursions

George Krauss, Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 978-0-87170-817-5, 2006, 613 S.

Hans Berns, Werner Theisen, Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71848-2

C. W. Wegst, Stahlschlüssel = Key to steel = La Clé des aciers = Chiave dell'acciaio = Liave del acero ISBN/ISSN: 3922599095

Bruno C., De Cooman / John G. Speer: Fundamentals of Steel Product Physical Metallurgy, 2011, 642 S.

Harry Chandler, Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist 0-87170-652-0, 2006, 84 S.

Catrin Kammer, Aluminium Taschenbuch 1, Grundlagen und Werkstoffe, Beuth,16. Auflage 2009. 784 S., ISBN 978-3-410-22028-2

Günter Drossel, Susanne Friedrich, Catrin Kammer und Wolfgang Lehnert, Aluminium Taschenbuch 2, Umformung von Aluminium-Werkstoffen, Gießen von Aluminiumteilen, Oberflächenbehandlung von Aluminium, Recycling und Ökologie, Beuth, 16. Auflage 2009. 768 S., ISBN 978-3-410-22029-9

Catrin Kammer, Aluminium Taschenbuch 3, Weiterverarbeitung und Anwendung, Beuith,17. Auflage 2014. 892 S., ISBN 978-3-410-22311-5

G. Lütjering, J.C. Williams: Titanium, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-71397

Magnesium - Alloys and Technologies, K. U. Kainer (Hrsg.), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, ISBN 3-527-30570-x

Mihriban O. Pekguleryuz, Karl U. Kainer and Ali Kaya “Fundamentals of Magnesium Alloy Metallurgy”, Woodhead Publishing Ltd, 2013,ISBN 10: 0857090887

One of the most important questions when modeling mechanical systems in practice is how to model the behavior of the materials of their different components. In addition to simple isotropic elasticity in particular the following phenomena play key roles

- anisotropy (material behavior depending on direction, e.g., in fiber-reinforced materials)
- plasticity (permanent deformation due to one-time overload, e.g., in metal forming)
- viscoelasticity (absorption of energy, e.g., in dampers)
- creep (slow deformation under permanent load, e.g., in pipes)

This lecture briefly introduces the theoretical foundations and mathematical modeling of the above phenomena. It is complemented by exercises where simple examples problems are solved by calculations and where the implementation of the content of the lecture in computer simulations is explained. It will also briefly discussed how important material parameters can be determined from experimental data.

1. Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Hierarchic shape functions
4. Mapping functions
5. Computation of element matrices, assembly, constraint enforcement and solution
6. Convergence characteristics
7. Mechanical models and finite elements for thin-walled structures
8. Computation of thin-walled structures
9. Error estimation and hp-adaptivity
10. High-order fictitious domain methods

[1] Alexander Düster, High-Order FEM, Lecture Notes, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 164 pages, 2014
[2] Barna Szabo, Ivo Babuska, Introduction to Finite Element Analysis – Formulation, Verification and Validation, John Wiley & Sons, 2011

1. Motivation
2. Basics of dynamics
3. Time integration methods
4. Modal analysis
5. Fourier transform
6. Applications

[1] K.-J. Bathe, Finite-Elemente-Methoden, Springer, 2002.
[2] J.L. Humar, Dynamics of Structures, Taylor & Francis, 2012.

1. Motivation
2. Basics of C++
3. Numerical integration
4. Solution of nonlinear problems
5. Solution of linear equation systems
6. Verification of numerical algorithms
7. Selected algorithms and data structures of a finite element code

[1] D. Yang, C++ and object-oriented numeric computing, Springer, 2001.
[2] K.-J. Bathe, Finite-Elemente-Methoden, Springer, 2002.

• modeling of deformation mechanisms in materials at different scales (e.g., molecular dynamics, crystal plasticity, phenomenological models, ...)
• relationship between microstructure and macroscopic mechanical material behavior
• Eshelby problem
• effective material properties, concept of RVE 
• homogenisation methods, coupling of scales (micro-meso-macro)
• micromechanical concepts for the description of damage and failure behavior 

D. Gross, T. Seelig, Bruchmechanik: Mit einer Einführung in die Mikromechanik, Springer

T. Zohdi, P. Wriggers: An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics

D. Raabe: Computational Materials Science, The Simulation of Materials, Microstructures and Properties, Wiley-Vch

G. Gottstein., Physical Foundations of Materials Science, Springer

• modeling of deformation mechanisms in materials at different scales (e.g., molecular dynamics, crystal plasticity, phenomenological models, ...)
• relationship between microstructure and macroscopic mechanical material behavior
• Eshelby problem
• effective material properties, concept of RVE 
• homogenisation methods, coupling of scales (micro-meso-macro)
• micromechanical concepts for the description of damage and failure behavior 

D. Gross, T. Seelig, Bruchmechanik: Mit einer Einführung in die Mikromechanik, Springer

T. Zohdi, P. Wriggers: An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics

D. Raabe: Computational Materials Science, The Simulation of Materials, Microstructures and Properties, Wiley-Vch

G. Gottstein., Physical Foundations of Materials Science, Springer

1. Introduction
1.1 Classification of Modelling Approaches and the Solid State

2. Quantum Mechanical Approaches
2.1 Electronic states : Atoms, Molecules, Solids
2.2 Density Functional Theory
2.3 Spin-Dynamics

3. Thermodynamic Approaches
3.1 Thermodynamic Potentials
3.2 Alloys
3.3 Cluster Expansion
3.4 Monte-Carlo-Methods

Solid State Physics, Ashcroft/Mermin, Saunders College

Computational Physics, Thijsen, Cambridge

Computational Materials Science, Ohno et al.. Springer

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Callister/Rethwisch, Edition 9, Wiley

1. Introduction
1.1 Relevance of Quantum Mechanics
1.2 Classification of Solids

2. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
2.1 Reminder : Elements of Classical Mechanics
2.2 Motivation for Quantum Mechanics
2.3 Particle-Wave Duality
2.4 Formalism

3. Elementary QM Problems
3.1 Onedimensional Problems of a Particle in a Potential
3.2 Two-Level System
3.3 Harmonic Oscillator
3.4 Electrons in a Magnetic Field
3.5 Hydrogen Atom

4. Quantum Effects in Condensed Matter
4.1 Preliminary
4.2 Electronic Levels
4.3 Magnetism
4.4 Superconductivity
4.5 Quantum Hall Effect

Physik für Ingenieure, Hering/Martin/Stohrer, Springer

Atom- und Quantenphysik, Haken/Wolf, Springer

Grundkurs Theoretische Physik 5|1, Nolting, Springer

Electronic Structure of Materials, Sutton, Oxford

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Callister/Rethwisch, Edition 9, Wiley

1. Introduction
2. Nonlinear phenomena
3. Mathematical preliminaries
4. Basic equations of continuum mechanics
5. Spatial discretization with finite elements
6. Solution of nonlinear systems of equations
7. Solution of elastoplastic problems
8. Stability problems
9. Contact problems

[1] Alexander Düster, Nonlinear Structrual Analysis, Lecture Notes, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2014.
[2] Peter Wriggers, Nonlinear Finite Element Methods, Springer 2008.
[3] Peter Wriggers, Nichtlineare Finite-Elemente-Methoden, Springer 2001.
[4] Javier Bonet and Richard D. Wood, Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics for Finite Element Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

• kinematics of undeformed and deformed bodies
• balance equations (balance of mass, balance of energy, …)
• stress states
  
• material modelling
  

R. Greve: Kontinuumsmechanik: Ein Grundkurs für Ingenieure und Physiker

I-S. Liu: Continuum Mechanics, Springer

• kinematics of undeformed and deformed bodies
• balance equations (balance of mass, balance of energy, …)
• stress states
  
• material modelling

R. Greve: Kontinuumsmechanik: Ein Grundkurs für Ingenieure und Physiker

I-S. Liu: Continuum Mechanics, Springer

• Introduction (historical view, scientific and economic relevance, scaling laws)
• Semiconductor Technology Basics, Lithography (wafer fabrication, photolithography, improving resolution, next-generation lithography, nano-imprinting, molecular imprinting)
• Deposition Techniques (thermal oxidation, epitaxy, electroplating, PVD techniques: evaporation and sputtering; CVD techniques: APCVD, LPCVD, PECVD and LECVD; screen printing)
• Etching and Bulk Micromachining (definitions, wet chemical etching, isotropic etch with HNA, electrochemical etching, anisotropic etching with KOH/TMAH: theory, corner undercutting, measures for compensation and etch-stop techniques; plasma processes, dry etching: back sputtering, plasma etching, RIE, Bosch process, cryo process, XeF2 etching)
• Surface Micromachining and alternative Techniques (sacrificial etching, film stress, stiction: theory and counter measures; Origami microstructures, Epi-Poly, porous silicon, SOI, SCREAM process, LIGA, SU8, rapid prototyping)
• Thermal and Radiation Sensors (temperature measurement, self-generating sensors: Seebeck effect and thermopile; modulating sensors: thermo resistor, Pt-100, spreading resistance sensor, pn junction, NTC and PTC; thermal anemometer, mass flow sensor, photometry, radiometry, IR sensor: thermopile and bolometer)
• Mechanical Sensors (strain based and stress based principle, capacitive readout, piezoresistivity,  pressure sensor: piezoresistive, capacitive and fabrication process; accelerometer: piezoresistive, piezoelectric and capacitive; angular rate sensor: operating principle and fabrication process)
• Magnetic Sensors (galvanomagnetic sensors: spinning current Hall sensor and magneto-transistor; magnetoresistive sensors: magneto resistance, AMR and GMR, fluxgate magnetometer)
• Chemical and Bio Sensors (thermal gas sensors: pellistor and thermal conductivity sensor; metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor, organic semiconductor gas sensor, Lambda probe, MOSFET gas sensor, pH-FET, SAW sensor, principle of biosensor, Clark electrode, enzyme electrode, DNA chip)
• Micro Actuators, Microfluidics and TAS (drives: thermal, electrostatic, piezo electric and electromagnetic; light modulators, DMD, adaptive optics, microscanner, microvalves: passive and active, micropumps, valveless micropump, electrokinetic micropumps, micromixer, filter, inkjet printhead, microdispenser, microfluidic switching elements, microreactor, lab-on-a-chip, microanalytics)
• MEMS in medical Engineering (wireless energy and data transmission, smart pill, implantable drug delivery system, stimulators: microelectrodes, cochlear and retinal implant; implantable pressure sensors, intelligent osteosynthesis, implant for spinal cord regeneration)
• Design, Simulation, Test (development and design flows, bottom-up approach, top-down approach, testability, modelling: multiphysics, FEM and equivalent circuit simulation; reliability test, physics-of-failure, Arrhenius equation, bath-tub relationship)
• System Integration (monolithic and hybrid integration, assembly and packaging, dicing, electrical contact: wire bonding, TAB and flip chip bonding; packages, chip-on-board, wafer-level-package, 3D integration, wafer bonding: anodic bonding and silicon fusion bonding; micro electroplating, 3D-MID)

M. Madou: Fundamentals of Microfabrication, CRC Press, 2002

N. Schwesinger: Lehrbuch Mikrosystemtechnik, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2009

T. M. Adams, R. A. Layton:Introductory MEMS, Springer, 2010

G. Gerlach; W. Dötzel: Introduction to microsystem technology, Wiley, 2008

Topics to be covered include:

1.    Introduction (Importance, nomenclature, relations)

2.    Biological materials

2.1  Basics (components, testing methods)

2.2  Bone (composition, development, properties, influencing factors)

2.3  Cartilage (composition, development, structure, properties, influencing factors)

2.4  Fluids (blood, synovial fluid)

3     Biological structures

3.1  Menisci of the knee joint

3.2  Intervertebral discs

3.3  Teeth

3.4  Ligaments

3.5  Tendons

3.6  Skin

3.7  Nervs

3.8  Muscles

4.    Replacement materials

4.1  Basics (history, requirements, norms)

4.2  Steel (alloys, properties, reaction of the body)

4.3  Titan (alloys, properties, reaction of the body)

4.4  Ceramics and glas (properties, reaction of the body)

4.5  Plastics (properties of PMMA, HDPE, PET, reaction of the body)

4.6  Natural replacement materials

Knowledge of composition, structure, properties, function and changes/adaptations of biological and technical materials (which are used for replacements in-vivo). Acquisition of basics for theses work in the area of biomechanics.

Hastings G and Ducheyne P.: Natural and living biomaterials. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1984.

Williams D.: Definitions in biomaterials. Oxford: Elsevier, 1987.

Hastings G.: Mechanical properties of biomaterials: proceedings held at Keele University, September 1978. New York: Wiley, 1998.

Black J.: Orthopaedic biomaterials in research and practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

Park J.  Biomaterials: an introduction. New York: Plenum Press, 1980.

Wintermantel, E. und Ha, S.-W : Biokompatible Werkstoffe und Bauweisen. Berlin, Springer, 1996.

• Introduction to optics
• Electromagnetic theory of light
• Interference
• Coherence
• Diffraction
• Fourier optics
• Polarisation and Crystal optics
• Matrix formalism
• Reflection and transmission
• Complex refractive index
• Dispersion
• Modulation and switching of light

Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley 2007 
Hecht, E., Optics, Benjamin Cummings, 2001
Goodman, J.W. Statistical Optics, Wiley, 2000
Lauterborn, W., Kurz, T., Coherent Optics: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer, 2002

see lecture Optoelectronics 1 - Wave Optics

Prepare, present, and discuss talks about recent topics from the field of semiconductors. The presentations must be given in English.

Evaluation Criteria:

• understanding of subject, discussion, response to questions
• structure and logic of presentation (clarity, precision)
• coverage of the topic, selection of subjects presented
• linguistic presentation (clarity, comprehensibility)
• visual presentation (clarity, comprehensibility)
• handout (see below)
• compliance with timing requirement.

Handout:
Before your presentation, it is mandatory to distribute a printed
handout (short abstract) of your presentation in English language. This must be no
longer than two pages A4, and include the most important results,
conclusions, explanations and diagrams.

Aktuelle Veröffentlichungen zu dem gewählten Thema

Biological materials are omnipresent in the world around us. They are the main constituents in plant and animal bodies and have a diversity of functions. A fundamental function is obviously mechanical providing protection and support for the body. But biological materials may also serve as ion reservoirs (bone is a typical example), as chemical barriers (like cell membranes), have catalytic function (such as enzymes), transfer chemical into kinetic energy (such as the muscle), etc.This lecture will focus on materials with a primarily (passive) mechanical function: cellulose tissues (such as wood), collagen tissues (such as tendon or cornea), mineralized tissues (such as bone, dentin and glass sponges). The main goal is to give an introduction to the current knowledge of the structure in these materials and how these structures relate to their (mostly mechanical) functions.

Peter Fratzl, Richard Weinkamer, Nature’s hierarchical materialsProgress,  in Materials Science 52 (2007) 1263-1334

Journal publications

• Microscopic structure and thermodynamics of interfaces (gas/solid, gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, liquid/solid)
• Experimental methods for the study of interfaces
• Interfacial forces
• wetting
• surfactants, foams, bio-membranes
• chemical grafting of interfaces

"Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces", K.H. Butt, K. Graf, M. Kappl, Wiley-VCH Weinheim (2006)

"Interfacial Science", G.T. Barnes, I.R. Gentle, Oxford University Press (2005)

1. Introduction
1.1 Relevance of Quantum Mechanics
1.2 Classification of Solids

2. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
2.1 Reminder : Elements of Classical Mechanics
2.2 Motivation for Quantum Mechanics
2.3 Particle-Wave Duality
2.4 Formalism

3. Elementary QM Problems
3.1 Onedimensional Problems of a Particle in a Potential
3.2 Two-Level System
3.3 Harmonic Oscillator
3.4 Electrons in a Magnetic Field
3.5 Hydrogen Atom

4. Quantum Effects in Condensed Matter
4.1 Preliminary
4.2 Electronic Levels
4.3 Magnetism
4.4 Superconductivity
4.5 Quantum Hall Effect

Physik für Ingenieure, Hering/Martin/Stohrer, Springer

Atom- und Quantenphysik, Haken/Wolf, Springer

Grundkurs Theoretische Physik 5|1, Nolting, Springer

Electronic Structure of Materials, Sutton, Oxford

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Callister/Rethwisch, Edition 9, Wiley

This class will cover the principles of mechanical testing at the micron and nanometer scales. A focus will be made on metallic materials, though issues related to ceramics and polymeric materials will also be discussed. Modern methods will be explored, along with the scientific questions investigated by such methods.

• Principles of micromechanics
  • Motivations for small-scale testing
  • Sample preparation methods for small-scale testing
  • General experimental artifacts and quantification of measurement resolution
• Complementary structural analysis methods
  • Electron back scattered diffraction
  • Transmission electron microscopy
  • Micro-Laue diffraction
• Nanoindentation-based testing
  • Principles of contact mechanics
  • Berkovich indentation
    • Loading geometry
    • Governing equations for analysis of stress & strain
    • Case study:
      • Indentation size effects
  • Microcompression
    • Loading geometry
    • Governing equations for analysis of stress & strain
    • Case study:
      • Size effects in yield strength and hardening
  • Microbeam-bending
    • Loading geometry
    • Governing equations for analysis of stress & strain                    
    • Case study:
      • Fracture strength & toughness

Vorlesungsskript

Aktuelle Publikationen

Inhalt (deutsch)

1.  EINLEITUNG (Bedeutung, Ziel, Grundlagen, allg. Geschichte des künstlichen Gelenker-satzes)

2.  FUNKTIONSANALYSE (Der menschliche Gang, die menschliche Arbeit, die sportliche Aktivität)

3.  DAS HÜFTGELENK (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Gelenkersatz Schaftseite und Pfannenseite, Evolution der Implantate)

4.  DAS KNIEGELENK (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Bandersatz, Gelenkersatz femorale, tibiale und patelläre Komponenten)

5.  DER FUß (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Gelen-kersatz, orthopädische Verfahren)

6.  DIE SCHULTER (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Gelenkersatz)

7.  DER ELLBOGEN (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Gelenkersatz)

8.  DIE HAND (Anatomie, Biomechanik, Ge-lenkersatz)

9.  TRIBOLOGIE NATÜRLICHER UND KÜNST-LICHER GELENKE (Korrosion, Reibung, Verschleiß)

Literatur:

Kapandji, I..: Funktionelle Anatomie der Gelenke (Band 1-4), Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1984.

Nigg, B., Herzog, W.: Biomechanics of the musculo-skeletal system, John Wiley&Sons, New York 1994

Nordin, M., Frankel, V.: Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, Lea&Febiger, Philadelphia, 1989.

Czichos, H.: Tribologiehandbuch, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 2003.

Sobotta und Netter für Anatomie der Gelenke

• Exercise in form of "Project based Learning"
  
• Agglomeration, particle size enlargement
• advanced particle size reduction
• Advanced theorie of fluid/particle flows
• CFD-methods for the simulation of disperse fluid/solid flows, Euler/Euler methids, Descrete Particle Modeling
• Treatment of simulation problems with distributed properties, solution of population balances

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

• Fluidization
• Agglomeration
• Granulation
• Drying
• Determination of mechanical properties of agglomerats

Schubert, H.; Heidenreich, E.; Liepe, F.; Neeße, T.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik. Deutscher Verlag für die Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1990.

Stieß, M.: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik I und II. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992.

• Generation of light
• Photons
• Thermal and nonthermal light
• Laser amplifier
• Noise
• Optical resonators
• Spectral properties of laser light
  
• CW-lasers (gas, solid state, semiconductor)
• Pulsed lasers

Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley 2007
Demtröder, W., Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Concepts and Instrumentation, Springer, 2002
Kasap, S.O., Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and Practices, Prentice Hall, 2001
Yariv, A., Quantum Electronics, Wiley, 1988
Wilson, J., Hawkes, J., Optoelectronics: An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 1997, ISBN: 013103961X
Siegman, A.E., Lasers, University Science Books, 1986

see lecture Optoelectronics 1 - Wave Optics