1. Introduction to ocean energy conversion
2. Wave properties
   • Linear wave theory
   • Nonlinear wave theory
   • Irregular waves
   • Wave energy
   • Refraction, reflection and diffraction of waves
3. Wave energy converters
   • Overview of the different technologies
   • Methods for design and calculation
4. Ocean current turbine
   

• Cruz, J., Ocean wave energy, Springer Series in Green Energy and Technology, UK, 2008.
• Brooke, J., Wave energy conversion, Elsevier, 2003.
• McCormick, M.E., Ocean wave energy conversion, Courier Dover Publications, USA, 2013.
• Falnes, J., Ocean waves and oscillating systems, Cambridge University Press,UK, 2002.
• Charlier, R. H., Charles, W. F., Ocean energy. Tide and tidal Power. Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.
• Clauss, G. F., Lehmann, E., Östergaard, C., Offshore Structures. Volume 1, Conceptual Design. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992

• Differential equations for momentum-, heat and mass transfer   
• Examples for simplifications of the Navier-Stokes Equations 
• Unsteady momentum transfer
  
• Free shear layer, turbulence and free jets
  
• Flow around particles - Solids Process Engineering
  
• Coupling of momentum and heat transfer - Thermal Process Engineering
  
• Rheology – Bioprocess Engineering
• Coupling of momentum- and mass transfer – Reactive mixing, Chemical Process Engineering 
• Flow threw porous structures - heterogeneous catalysis
  
• Pumps and turbines - Energy- and Environmental Process Engineering 
• Wind- and Wave-Turbines - Renewable Energy
• Introduction into Computational Fluid Dynamics
  
  

1. Brauer, H.: Grundlagen der Einphasen- und Mehrphasenströmungen. Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt (M), 1971.
2. Brauer, H.; Mewes, D.: Stoffaustausch einschließlich chemischer Reaktion. Frankfurt: Sauerländer 1972.
3. Crowe, C. T.: Engineering fluid mechanics. Wiley, New York, 2009.
4. Durst, F.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Theorie der Strömungen von Fluiden. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
5. Fox, R.W.; et al.: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. J. Wiley & Sons, 1994.
6. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Eine Einführung in die Physik und die mathematische Modellierung von Strömungen. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2006.
7. Herwig, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Physik von technischen Strömungen: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2008.
8. Kuhlmann, H.C.:  Strömungsmechanik. München, Pearson Studium, 2007
9. Oertl, H.: Strömungsmechanik: Grundlagen, Grundgleichungen, Lösungsmethoden, Softwarebeispiele. Vieweg+ Teubner / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2009.
10. Schade, H.; Kunz, E.: Strömungslehre. Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2007.
11. Truckenbrodt, E.: Fluidmechanik 1: Grundlagen und elementare Strömungsvorgänge dichtebeständiger Fluide. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.
12. Schlichting, H. : Grenzschicht-Theorie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006.
13. van Dyke, M.: An Album of Fluid Motion. The Parabolic Press, Stanford California, 1882.  

Lecture about equation-based, physical modelling using the modelling language Modelica and the free simulation tool OpenModelica 1.17.0.

• Instruction and modelling of physical processes
• Modelling and limits of model
• Time constant, stiffness, stability, step size
• Terms of object orientated programming
• Differential equations of simple systems
• Introduction into Modelica
• Introduction into simulation tool
• Example:Hydraulic systems and heat transfer
• Example: System with different subsystems

[1]    Modelica Association: "Modelica Language Specification - Version 3.5", Linköping,  Sweden, 2021.

[2]    OpenModelica: OpenModelica 1.17.0, https://www.openmodelica.org (siehe Download), 2021.

[3]    M. Tiller:  “Modelica by Example", https://book.xogeny.com, 2014.

[4]    M. Otter, H. Elmqvist, et al.: "Objektorientierte Modellierung Physikalischer Systeme",  at- Automatisierungstechnik (german), Teil 1 - 17, Oldenbourg Verlag, 1999 - 2000.

[5]    P. Fritzson: "Principles of Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation with Modelica 3.3", Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2015.

[6]    P. Fritzson: “Introduction to Modeling and Simulation of Technical and Physical  Systems with Modelica”, Wiley, New York, 2011.

- General overview on modern engineering
- Displacement method
- Hybrid formulation
- Isoparametric elements
- Numerical integration
- Solving systems of equations (statics, dynamics)
- Eigenvalue problems
- Non-linear systems
- Applications

- Programming of elements (Matlab, hands-on sessions)
- Applications

Bathe, K.-J. (2000): Finite-Elemente-Methoden. Springer Verlag, Berlin

State space methods (single-input single-output)

• State space models and transfer functions, state feedback 
• Coordinate basis, similarity transformations 
• Solutions of state equations, matrix exponentials, Caley-Hamilton Theorem
• Controllability and pole placement 
• State estimation, observability, Kalman decomposition 
• Observer-based state feedback control, reference tracking 
• Transmission zeros
• Optimal pole placement, symmetric root locus 
Multi-input multi-output systems
• Transfer function matrices, state space models of multivariable systems, Gilbert realization 
• Poles and zeros of multivariable systems, minimal realization 
• Closed-loop stability
• Pole placement for multivariable systems, LQR design, Kalman filter 

Digital Control
• Discrete-time systems: difference equations and z-transform 
• Discrete-time state space models, sampled data systems, poles and zeros 
• Frequency response of sampled data systems, choice of sampling rate 

System identification and model order reduction 
• Least squares estimation, ARX models, persistent excitation 
• Identification of state space models, subspace identification 
• Balanced realization and model order reduction 

Case study
• Modelling and multivariable control of a process evaporator using Matlab and Simulink 
Software tools
• Matlab/Simulink

• Werner, H., Lecture Notes „Control Systems Theory and Design“
• T. Kailath "Linear Systems", Prentice Hall, 1980
• K.J. Astrom, B. Wittenmark "Computer Controlled Systems" Prentice Hall, 1997
• L. Ljung "System Identification - Theory for the User", Prentice Hall, 1999

• Theories and methods of project management
• Innovation management
• Agile project management
• Fundamentals of classic and agile methods
• Hybrid use of classic and agile methods  
• Roles, perspectives and stakeholders throughout the project
• Initiating and coordinating complex engineering projects
• Principles of moderation, team management, team leadership, conflict management
• Communication structures: in-house, cross-company
• Public information policy
• Promoting commitment and empowerment
• Sharing experience with specialists and managers from the engineering sector
• Documenting and reflecting on learning experiences

Seminarapparat

• Basic concepts, opportunities and limits of organisational change 
• Models and methods of organisational design and development
• Strategic orientation and change, and their short-, medium- and long-term consequences for individuals, organisations and society as a whole
• Roles, perspectives and stakeholders in change processes
• Initiating and coordinating change measures in engineering
• Phase models of organisational change (Lewin, Kotter, etc.) 
• Change-oriented information policy and dealing with resistance and uncertainty 
• Promoting commitment and empowerment
• Successfully handling change and transformation: personally, as an employee, as a manager (personal, professional, organisational)
• Company-level and globally (systemic)
• Sharing experience with specialists and managers from the engineering sector
• Documenting and reflecting on learning experiences

Linear and Nonlinear Single and Multiple Degree of Freedom Vibrations

• Free vibration
• Self-excited vibration
• Parameter driven vibration
• Forced vibration
• Multi degree of freedom vibration
• Continuum vibration
• Irregular vibration

German - K. Magnus, K. Popp, W. Sextro: Schwingungen. Physikalische Grundlagen und mathematische Behandlung von Schwingungen.

English - K. Magnus: Vibrations. 

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a professional field of activity as an engineer (B.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Establishing responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company as an engineer (B.Sc.)
• Working independently in a team and on selected projects - across departments and, if applicable, across companies
• Scheduling the current practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: Responsibility as an engineer (B.Sc.) in their own area of work, coordinating team and project work, dealing with complex contexts and unsolved problems, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Subject specialisation (corresponding to the chosen course [M.Sc.]) in the field of activity
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• Creating an e-portfolio
• Importance of course contents (M.Sc.) when working as an engineer
• Importance of development and innovation when working as an engineer
  

• Studierendenhandbuch
• Betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Handlungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

1)
Vorlesungsmanuskript und Übungsunterlagen

2)
J.H. Ferziger, M. Peric:
Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics,
Springer

• Optimal regulator problem with finite time horizon, Riccati differential equation
• Time-varying and steady state solutions, algebraic Riccati equation, Hamiltonian system
• Kalman’s identity, phase margin of LQR controllers, spectral factorization
• Optimal state estimation, Kalman filter, LQG control
• Generalized plant, review of LQG control
• Signal and system norms, computing H2 and H∞ norms
• Singular value plots, input and output directions
• Mixed sensitivity design, H∞ loop shaping, choice of weighting filters

• Case study: design example flight control
• Linear matrix inequalities, design specifications as LMI constraints (H2, H∞ and pole region)
• Controller synthesis by solving LMI problems, multi-objective design
• Robust control of uncertain systems, small gain theorem, representation of parameter uncertainty

• Werner, H., Lecture Notes: "Optimale und Robuste Regelung"
• Boyd, S., L. El Ghaoui, E. Feron and V. Balakrishnan "Linear Matrix Inequalities in Systems and Control", SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1994
• Skogestad, S. and I. Postlewhaite "Multivariable Feedback Control", John Wiley, Chichester, England, 1996
• Strang, G. "Linear Algebra and its Applications", Harcourt Brace Jovanovic, Orlando, FA, 1988
• Zhou, K. and J. Doyle "Essentials of Robust Control", Prentice Hall International, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998

In the Practical Course on Energy Systems experiments will be planned and carried out at selected test facilities. Measurement methods should be applied and the results should be conclused in a test report and critically analysed.

Following experiments are offered:

• Operational characteristics of a diesel engine
• Combined heat, power and chill production in the district heating plant of the TUHH
• Acceptance test of a steam turbine plant
• Heat transfer on radial impinging jets
• Measurement in an sorption based air conditioning plant
• Energy balance of a condensation boiler

Versuchsmanuskripte werden zu den einzelnen Versuchen zur Verfügung gestellt.

Pfeifer, T.; Profos, P.: Handbuch der industriellen Messtechnik, 6. Auflage, 1994, Oldenbourg Verlag München

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a professional field of activity as an engineer (B.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Establishing responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company as an engineer (B.Sc.)
• Taking personal responsibility within a team and on selected projects - across departments and, if applicable, across companies
• Scheduling the current practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: Responsibility as an engineer (B.Sc.) in their own area of work, coordinating team and project work, dealing with complex contexts and unsolved problems, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Subject specialisation (corresponding to the chosen course [M.Sc.]) in the field of activity
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• Updating their e-portfolio
• Importance of course contents (M.Sc.) when working as an engineer
• Importance of development and innovation when working as an engineer 

• Studierendenhandbuch
• Betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Anwendungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

Numerical methods for Initial Value Problems

• single step methods
• multistep methods
• stiff problems
• differential algebraic equations (DAE) of index 1

Numerical methods for Boundary Value Problems

• multiple shooting method
• difference methods

• E. Hairer, S. Noersett, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I: Nonstiff Problems.
• E. Hairer, G. Wanner: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations II: Stiff and Differential-Algebraic Problems.
• D. Griffiths, D. Higham: Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations.

The Seminar Energy Systems is a module in which students in a group (3 to 4 students) work intensively with a current topic in energy systems. In the introductory lecture (-> compulsory course) at the beginning of the term the conditions will be explained, a rhetoric lecture will be presented and the general topics will be awarded. The students should in cooperation with the supervising scientific staff first divide the general topic into individual topics in consultation and then work on them.

After a reasonable preparation time, the students of the respective group should present the individual topics in 30-minutes. Afterwards the supervising scientific staff give a task to the general topic, which must be prepared by the group within one week and then also presented. After this presentation a podium discussion follows, in which individual questions are treated.

Company onboarding process

• Assigning a future professional field of activity as an engineer (M.Sc.) and associated fields of work
• Extending responsibilities and authorisation of the dual student within the company up to the intended first assignment after completing their studies 
• Working responsibly in a team; project responsibility within own area - as well as across divisions and companies if necessary
• Scheduling the final practical module with a clear correlation to work structures 
• Internal agreement on a potential topic or innovation project for the Master’s dissertation
• Planning the Master’s dissertation within the company in cooperation with TU Hamburg  
• Scheduling the examination phase/subsequent study semester

Operational knowledge and skills

• Company-specific: dealing with change, project and team development, responsibility as an engineer in their future field of work (M.Sc.), dealing with complex contexts, frequent and unpredictable changes, developing and implementing innovative solutions
• Specialising in one field of work (final dissertation)
• Systemic skills
• Implementing the university’s application recommendations (theory-practice transfer) in corresponding work and task areas across the company 

Sharing/reflecting on learning

• E-portfolio
• Relevance of study content and personal specialisation when working as an engineer
• Relevance of research and innovation when working as an engineer

• Studierendenhandbuch
• betriebliche Dokumente
• Hochschulseitige Anwendungsempfehlungen zum Theorie-Praxis-Transfer

Computational Optimisation, Parallel Computing, Efficient CFD-Procedures   for GPU Archtiectures, Alternative Approximations (Lattice-Boltzmann Methods, Particle Methods), Fluid/Structure-Interaction, Modelling of Hybrid Continua

1. Introduction

2. Fundamentals of Thermal Engineering 2.1 Heat Conduction 2.2 Convection 2.3 Radiation 2.4 Heat transition 2.5 Combustion parameters 2.6 Electrical heating 2.7 Water vapor transport

3. Heating Systems 3.1 Warm water heating systems 3.2 Warm water supply 3.3 piping calculation 3.4 boilers, heat pumps, solar collectors 3.5 Air heating systems 3.6 radiative heating systems

4. Thermal traetment systems 4.1 Industrial furnaces 4.2 Melting furnaces 4.3 Drying plants 4.4 Emission control 4.5 Chimney calculation 4.6 Energy measuring

5. Laws and standards 5.1 Buildings 5.2 Industrial plants

• Schmitz, G.: Klimaanlagen, Skript zur Vorlesung
  
• VDI Wärmeatlas, 11. Auflage, Springer Verlag, Düsseldorf 2013
  
• Herwig, H.; Moschallski, A.: Wärmeübertragung, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009
  
• Recknagel, H.;  Sprenger, E.; Schrammek, E.-R.: Taschenbuch für Heizung- und Klimatechnik 2013/2014, 76. Auflage, Deutscher Industrieverlag, 2013
  

• Hydraulic Energy Systems (Fluids; pressure loss in valves and pipes; components of hydraulic systems like pumps, valves, etc.; pressure/flow characteristics; actuators; tanks; power and heat balances; emergency power)
• Electric Energy Systems (Generators; constant-speed-drives; DC and AC converters; electrical power distribution; bus systems; monitoring; load analysis)
• High Lift Systems (Principles; investigation of loads and system actuation power; principles and sizing of actuation and positioning systems; safety requirements and devices)
• Environmental Control Systems (Thermodynamic analysis; expansion and compression cooling systems; control strategies; cabin pressure control systems)
  

• Moir, Seabridge: Aircraft Systems
• Green: Aircraft Hydraulic Systems
• Torenbek: Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design
• SAE1991: ARP; Air Conditioning Systems for Subsonic Airplanes

• performance in service of electrical consumers.
• special requirements for power supply systems and for electrical equipment in isolated systems/networks e. g. aboard ships, offshore installations, factory systems and emergency power supply systems.
• power generation and distribution in isolated networks, shaft generators for ships
• calculation of short circuits and behaviour of switching devices
• protective devices, selectivity monitoring
• electrical Propulsion plants for ships

H. Meier-Peter, F. Bernhardt u. a.: Handbuch der Schiffsbetriebstechnik, Seehafen Verlag

(engl. Version: "Compendium Marine Engineering")

Gleß, Thamm: Schiffselektrotechnik, VEB Verlag Technik Berlin

Wird in der Veranstaltung bekannt gegeben

• fundamentals and current development trends in electric power engineering 
• tasks and history of electric power systems
  
• symmetric three-phase systems
• fundamentals and modelling of eletric power systems 
  • lines
  • transformers
  • synchronous machines
  • induction machines
  • loads and compensation
    
  • grid structures and substations 
    
• fundamentals of energy conversion
  • electro-mechanical energy conversion
  • thermodynamics
  • power station technology
    
  • renewable energy conversion systems
    
• steady-state network calculation
  
  • network modelling
  • load flow calculation
  • (n-1)-criterion
    
• symmetric failure calculations, short-circuit power
  
• control in networks and power stations
• grid protection
• grid planning
• power economy fundamentals

K. Heuck, K.-D. Dettmann, D. Schulz: "Elektrische Energieversorgung", Vieweg + Teubner, 9. Auflage, 2013

A. J. Schwab: "Elektroenergiesysteme", Springer, 5. Auflage, 2017

R. Flosdorff: "Elektrische Energieverteilung" Vieweg + Teubner, 9. Auflage, 2008

• fundamentals and current development trends in electric power engineering 
• tasks and history of electric power systems
• symmetric three-phase systems
• fundamentals and modelling of eletric power systems 
  • lines
  • transformers
  • synchronous machines
  • induction machines
  • loads and compensation
    
  • grid structures and substations 
• fundamentals of energy conversion
  • electro-mechanical energy conversion
  • thermodynamics
  • power station technology
    
  • renewable energy conversion systems
• steady-state network calculation
  • network modelling
  • load flow calculation
  • (n-1)-criterion
• symmetric failure calculations, short-circuit power
• control in networks and power stations
• grid protection
• grid planning
• power economy fundamentals

K. Heuck, K.-D. Dettmann, D. Schulz: "Elektrische Energieversorgung", Vieweg + Teubner, 9. Auflage, 2013

A. J. Schwab: "Elektroenergiesysteme", Springer, 5. Auflage, 2017

R. Flosdorff: "Elektrische Energieverteilung" Vieweg + Teubner, 9. Auflage, 2008

• Preliminary discussion with the rules of the lecture
• Issue of topics from the field of renewable energy technology in the form of a tender of engineering services to a group of students (depending on the number of participating students)
• "Procurement" deal with aspects of the design, costing and environmental, economic and technical evaluation of various energy generation concepts (eg onshore wind power generation, commercial-scale photovoltaic power generation, biogas production, geothermal power and heat generation) under very special circumstances
• Submission of a written solution of the task and distribution to the participants by the student / group of students
• Presentation of the edited theme (20 min) with PPT presentation and subsequent discussion (20 minutes)
• Attendance is mandatory for all seminars
  
  

Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

•  Preliminary discussion with the seminar rules
• Distribution of the topics related to the subject of the seminar to individual students / groups of students (depending on the number of participating students)
• Delivery of a five-page summary of the seminar topic and distribution to the participants by the student / group of students
• Presentation of the processed topic (30 min) with PPT presentation and subsequent discussion (20 minutes)
• Attendance is mandatory for all seminars
  
  

• Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

•  Preliminary discussion with the seminar rules
• Distribution of the topics related to the subject of the seminar to individual students / groups of students (depending on the number of participating students)
• Delivery of a five-page summary of the seminar topic and distribution to the participants by the student / group of students
• Presentation of the processed topic (30 min) with PPT presentation and subsequent discussion (20 minutes)
• Attendance is mandatory for all seminars

Eigenständiges Literaturstudium in der Bibliothek und aus anderen Quellen.

1. Overview

1.1 Kinds of air conditioning systems

1.2 Ventilating

1.3 Function of an air condition system

2. Thermodynamic processes

2.1 Psychrometric chart

2.2 Mixer preheater, heater

2.3 Cooler

2.4 Humidifier

2.5 Air conditioning process in a Psychrometric chart

2.6 Desiccant assisted air conditioning

3. Calculation of heating and cooling loads

3.1 Heating loads

3.2 Cooling loads

3.3 Calculation of inner cooling load

3.4 Calculation of outer cooling load

4. Ventilating systems

4.1 Fresh air demand

4.2 Air flow in rooms

4.3 Calculation of duct systems

4.4 Fans

4.5 Filters

5. Refrigeration systems

5.1. compression chillers

5.2Absorption chillers

• Schmitz, G.: Klimaanlagen, Skript zur Vorlesung
  
• VDI Wärmeatlas, 11. Auflage, Springer Verlag, Düsseldorf 2013
  
• Herwig, H.; Moschallski, A.: Wärmeübertragung, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009
  
• Recknagel, H.;  Sprenger, E.; Schrammek, E.-R.: Taschenbuch für Heizung- und Klimatechnik 2013/2014, 76. Auflage, Deutscher Industrieverlag, 2013
  

• Historischer Überblick
• Bauarten von Vier- und Zweitaktmotoren als Schiffsmotoren
• Vergleichsprozesse, Definitionen, Kenndaten
• Zusammenwirken von Schiff, Motor und Propeller
• Ausgeführte Schiffsdieselmotoren
• Gaswechsel, Spülverfahren, Luftbedarf
• Aufladung von Schiffsdieselmotoren
• Einspritzung und Verbrennung
• Schwerölbetrieb
• Schmierung
• Kühlung
• Wärmebilanz
• Abwärmenutzung
• Anlassen und Umsteuern
• Regelung, Automatisierung, Überwachung
• Motorerregte Geräusche und Schwingungen
• Fundamentierung
• Gestaltung von Maschinenräumen

• D. Woodyard: Pounder’s Marine Diesel Engines
• H. Meyer-Peter, F. Bernhardt: Handbuch der Schiffsbetriebstechnik
• K. Kuiken: Diesel Engines
• Mollenhauer, Tschöke: Handbuch Dieselmotoren
• Projektierungsunterlagen der Motorenhersteller

Topics to be covered will include:

• Application cases of turbomachinery
• Fundamentals of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics
• Design fundamentals of turbomachinery
• Introduction to the theory of turbine stage
• Design and operation of the turbocompressor
• Design and operation of the steam turbine
• Design and operation of the gas turbine
• Physical limits of the turbomachines

• Traupel: Thermische Turbomaschinen, Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
• Bräunling: Flugzeuggasturbinen, Springer., Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
• Seume: Stationäre Gasturbinen, Springer., Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
• Menny: Strömungsmaschinen, Teubner., Stuttgart

• Introduction: radiation source Sun, Astronomical Foundations, Fundamentals of radiation
• Structure of the atmosphere
• Properties and laws of radiation
  • Polarization
  • Radiation quantities 
  • Planck's radiation law
  • Wien's displacement law
  • Stefan-Boltzmann law
  • Kirchhoff's law
  • Brightness temperature
  • Absorption, reflection, transmission
• Radiation balance, global radiation, energy balance
• Atmospheric extinction
• Mie and Rayleigh scattering
• Radiative transfer
• Optical effects in the atmosphere
• Calculation of the sun and calculate radiation on inclined surfaces

• Helmut Kraus: Die Atmosphäre der Erde
• Hans Häckel: Meteorologie
• Grant W. Petty: A First Course in Atmosheric Radiation
• Martin Kaltschmitt, Wolfgang Streicher, Andreas Wiese: Renewable Energy
• Alexander Löw, Volker Matthias: Skript Optik Strahlung Fernerkundung

• Introduction: Energy demand and application of solar energy.
• Heat transfer in the solar thermal energy: conduction, convection, radiation.
• Collectors: Types, structure, efficiency, dimensioning, concentrated systems.
• Energy storage: Requirements, types.
• Passive solar energy: components and systems.
• Solar thermal low temperature systems: collector variants, construction, calculation.
• Solar thermal high temperature systems: Classification of solar power plants construction.
• Solar air conditioning.

• Vorlesungsskript.
• Kaltschmitt, Streicher und Wiese (Hrsg.). Erneuerbare Energien: Systemtechnik, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltaspekte, 5. Auflage, Springer, 2013.
• Stieglitz und Heinzel .Thermische Solarenergie: Grundlagen, Technologie, Anwendungen. Springer, 2012.
• Von Böckh und Wetzel. Wärmeübertragung: Grundlagen und Praxis, Springer, 2011.
• Baehr und Stephan. Wärme- und Stoffübertragung. Springer, 2009.
• de Vos. Thermodynamics of solar energy conversion. Wiley-VCH, 2008.
• Mohr, Svoboda und Unger. Praxis solarthermischer Kraftwerke. Springer, 1999.

Photovoltaics:

1. Introduction
2. Primary energies and consumption, available solar energy
3. Physics of the ideal solar cell
4. Light absorption, PN transition, characteristic sizes of the solar cell, efficiency
5. Physics of the real solar cell
6. Charge carrier recombination, characteristic curves, barrier layer recombination, equivalent circuit diagram
7. Increasing efficiency
8. Methods for increasing the quantum yield and reducing recombination
9. Hetero- and tandem structures
10. Heterojunction, Schottky, electrochemical, MIS and SIS cell, tandem cell
11. Concentrator cells
12. Concentrator optics and tracking systems, concentrator cells
13. Technology and properties: solar cell types, manufacturing, monocrystalline silicon and gallium arsenide, polycrystalline silicon and silicon thin film cells, thin film cells on carriers (amorphous silicon, CIS, electrochemical cells)
14. Modules
15. Switches

Concentrating solar power plants:

1. Introduction
2. Point focused technologies
3. Line focused technologies
4. Design of CSP projects

• A. Götzberger, B. Voß, J. Knobloch: Sonnenenergie: Photovoltaik, Teubner Studienskripten, Stuttgart, 1995
• A. Götzberger: Sonnenenergie: Photovoltaik : Physik und Technologie der Solarzelle, Teubner Stuttgart, 1994
• H.-J. Lewerenz, H. Jungblut: Photovoltaik, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1995
• A. Götzberger: Photovoltaic solar energy generation, Springer, Berlin, 2005
• C. Hu, R. M. White: Solar CelIs, Mc Graw HilI, New York, 1983
• H.-G. Wagemann: Grundlagen der photovoltaischen Energiewandlung: Solarstrahlung, Halbleitereigenschaften und Solarzellenkonzepte, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1994
• R. J. van Overstraeten, R.P. Mertens: Physics, technology and use of photovoltaics, Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol and Boston, 1986
• B. O. Seraphin: Solar energy conversion Topics of applied physics V 01 31, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1995
• P. Würfel: Physics of Solar cells, Principles and new concepts, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005
• U. Rindelhardt: Photovoltaische Stromversorgung, Teubner-Reihe Umwelt, Stuttgart 2001
• V. Quaschning: Regenerative Energiesysteme, Hanser, München, 2003
• G. Schmitz: Regenerative Energien, Ringvorlesung TU Hamburg-Harburg 1994/95, Institut für Energietechnik

1. Introduction to electrochemical energy conversion
2. Function and structure of electrolyte
3. Low-temperature fuel cell
   • Types
   • Thermodynamics of the PEM fuel cell
   • Cooling and humidification strategy
4. High-temperature fuel cell
   • The MCFC
   • The SOFC
   • Integration Strategies and partial reforming
5. Fuels
   • Supply of fuel
   • Reforming of natural gas and biogas
   • Reforming of liquid hydrocarbons
6. Energetic Integration and control of fuel cell systems

• Hamann, C.; Vielstich, W.: Elektrochemie 3. Aufl.; Weinheim: Wiley - VCH, 2003

• Vorschriften zur Schiffsausrüstung
• Ausrüstungsanlagen auf Standard-Schiffen
• Ausrüstungsanlagen auf Spezial-Schiffen
• Grundlagen und Systemtechnik der Hydraulik
• Auslegung und Betrieb von Ausrüstungsanlagen

• H. Meyer-Peter, F. Bernhardt: Handbuch der Schiffsbetriebstechnik
• H. Watter: Hydraulik und Pneumatik

Siehe korrespondierende Vorlesung 

Industrial production deals with the manufacture of physical products to satisfy human needs using various manufacturing processes that change the form and physical properties of raw materials. Manufacturing is a central driver of economic development and has a major impact on the well-being of humanity. However, the scale of current manufacturing activities results in enormous global energy and material demands that are harmful to both the environment and people. Historically, industrial activities were mostly oriented towards economic constraints, while social and environmental consequences were only hardly considered. As a result, today's global consumption rates of many resources and associated emissions often exceed the natural regeneration rate of our planet. In this respect, current industrial production can mostly be described as unsustainable. This is emphasized each year by the Earth Overshoot Day, which marks the day when humanity's ecological footprint exceeds the Earth's annual regenerative capacity. 

This lecture aims to provide the motivation, analytical methods as well as approaches for sustainable industrial production and to clarify the influence of the production phase in relation to the raw material, use and recycling phases in the entire life cycle of products. For this, the following topics will be highlighted:

- Motivation for sustainable production, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN and their relevance for tomorrow's manufacturing;

- raw material vs. production phase vs. use phase vs. recycling/end-of-life phase: importance of the production phase for the environmental impact of manufactured products;

- Typical energy- and resource-intensive processes in industrial production and innovative approaches to increase energy and resource efficiency;

- Methodology for optimizing the energy and resource efficiency of industrial manufacturing chains with the three steps of modeling (1), evaluating (2) and improving (3);

- Resource efficiency of industrial manufacturing value chains and its assessment using life cycle analysis (LCA);

- Exercise: LCA analysis of a manufacturing process (thermoplastic joining of an aircraft fuselage segment) as part of a product life cycle assessment.

Literatur:

- Stefan Alexander (2020): Resource efficiency in manufacturing value chains. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Hauschild, Michael Z.; Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Olsen, Stig Irving (Hg.) (2018): Life Cycle Assessment. Theory and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Kishita, Yusuke; Matsumoto, Mitsutaka; Inoue, Masato; Fukushige, Shinichi (2021): EcoDesign and sustainability. Singapore: Springer.

- Schebek, Liselotte; Herrmann, Christoph; Cerdas, Felipe (2019): Progress in Life Cycle Assessment. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Thiede, Sebastian; Hermann, Christoph (2019): Eco-factories of the future. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

- Vorlesungsskript.

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Nonlinear Waves: Stability, pattern formation, solitary states 
• Bottom Boundary layers: wave boundary layers, scour, stability of marine slopes
• Ice-structure interaction
• Wave and tidal current energy conversion

• Chakrabarti, S., Handbook of Offshore Engineering, vol. I&II, Elsevier 2005.
• Mc Cormick, M.E., Ocean Wave Energy Conversion, Dover 2007.
• Infeld, E., Rowlands, G., Nonlinear Waves, Solitons and Chaos, Cambridge 2000.
• Johnson, R.S., A Modern Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Water Waves, Cambridge 1997.
• Lykousis, V. et al., Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, Springer 2007.
• Nielsen, P., Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport, World Scientific 2005.
• Research Articles.

1. methods and procedures from experimental fluid mechanics
2. rational Approaches towards flow physics modelling 
3. selected topics of theoretical computation fluid dynamics
4. turbulent flows 

Wird in der Veranstaltung bekannt gegeben. To be announced during the lecture.

Skript in Papierform im Sekretariat HSU H10 R 310 erhältlich

Traupel Thermische Turbomaschinen Bde 1, 2, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

1988

Oertel, Laurien Numerische Strömungsmechanik Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New

York 2001

Topics:

1. Three dimensional flows in axial grids

2. secondary flows in axial turbomachines,

3. basics of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

4. CFD of turbomachinary

5. basics of radial turbomachines

6. exhaust turbo charger

7. hydrodynamic gears

1. Energy economy
   
2. Hydrogen economy
3. Occurrence and properties of hydrogen
4. Production of hydrogen (from hydrocarbons and by electrolysis)
5. Separation and purification Storage and transport of hydrogen 
6. Security
7. Fuel cells
8. Projects

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung
• Winter, Nitsch: Wasserstoff als Energieträger
• Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Kirk, Othmer: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
• Larminie, Dicks: Fuel cell systems explained

• Historical development
• Wind: origins, geographic and temporal distribution, locations
• Power coefficient, rotor thrust
• Aerodynamics of the rotor
• Operating performance
• Power limitation, partial load, pitch and stall control
• Plant selection, yield prediction, economy
• Excursion

Gasch, R., Windkraftanlagen, 4. Auflage, Teubner-Verlag, 2005

The lecture offers a general introduction to the basics and possibilities of applied mathematical optimization and deals with application areas on different scales from kinetics identification, optimal design of unit operations to the optimization of entire (sub)processes, and production planning. In addition to the basic classification and formulation of optimization problems, different solution approaches are discussed. Besides deterministic gradient-based methods, metaheuristics such as evolutionary and genetic algorithms and their application are discussed as well.

- Introduction to Applied Optimization

- Formulation of optimization problems

- Linear Optimization

- Nonlinear Optimization

- Mixed-integer (non)linear optimization

- Multi-objective optimization

- Global optimization

Weicker, K., Evolutionäre Algortihmen, Springer, 2015

Edgar, T. F., Himmelblau D. M., Lasdon, L. S., Optimization of Chemical Processes, McGraw Hill, 2001

Biegler, L. Nonlinear Programming - Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Processes, 2010

Kallrath, J. Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung: Modellierung in der Praxis, Vieweg, 2002

1. Introduction to electrochemical energy conversion
2. Function and structure of electrolyte
3. Low-temperature fuel cell
   • Types
   • Thermodynamics of the PEM fuel cell
   • Cooling and humidification strategy
4. High-temperature fuel cell
   • The MCFC
   • The SOFC
   • Integration Strategies and partial reforming
5. Fuels
   • Supply of fuel
   • Reforming of natural gas and biogas
   • Reforming of liquid hydrocarbons
6. Energetic Integration and control of fuel cell systems

• Hamann, C.; Vielstich, W.: Elektrochemie 3. Aufl.; Weinheim: Wiley - VCH, 2003

• Vorschriften zur Schiffsausrüstung
• Ausrüstungsanlagen auf Standard-Schiffen
• Ausrüstungsanlagen auf Spezial-Schiffen
• Grundlagen und Systemtechnik der Hydraulik
• Auslegung und Betrieb von Ausrüstungsanlagen

• H. Meyer-Peter, F. Bernhardt: Handbuch der Schiffsbetriebstechnik
• H. Watter: Hydraulik und Pneumatik

Siehe korrespondierende Vorlesung 

Industrial production deals with the manufacture of physical products to satisfy human needs using various manufacturing processes that change the form and physical properties of raw materials. Manufacturing is a central driver of economic development and has a major impact on the well-being of humanity. However, the scale of current manufacturing activities results in enormous global energy and material demands that are harmful to both the environment and people. Historically, industrial activities were mostly oriented towards economic constraints, while social and environmental consequences were only hardly considered. As a result, today's global consumption rates of many resources and associated emissions often exceed the natural regeneration rate of our planet. In this respect, current industrial production can mostly be described as unsustainable. This is emphasized each year by the Earth Overshoot Day, which marks the day when humanity's ecological footprint exceeds the Earth's annual regenerative capacity. 

This lecture aims to provide the motivation, analytical methods as well as approaches for sustainable industrial production and to clarify the influence of the production phase in relation to the raw material, use and recycling phases in the entire life cycle of products. For this, the following topics will be highlighted:

- Motivation for sustainable production, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN and their relevance for tomorrow's manufacturing;

- raw material vs. production phase vs. use phase vs. recycling/end-of-life phase: importance of the production phase for the environmental impact of manufactured products;

- Typical energy- and resource-intensive processes in industrial production and innovative approaches to increase energy and resource efficiency;

- Methodology for optimizing the energy and resource efficiency of industrial manufacturing chains with the three steps of modeling (1), evaluating (2) and improving (3);

- Resource efficiency of industrial manufacturing value chains and its assessment using life cycle analysis (LCA);

- Exercise: LCA analysis of a manufacturing process (thermoplastic joining of an aircraft fuselage segment) as part of a product life cycle assessment.

Literatur:

- Stefan Alexander (2020): Resource efficiency in manufacturing value chains. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Hauschild, Michael Z.; Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Olsen, Stig Irving (Hg.) (2018): Life Cycle Assessment. Theory and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Kishita, Yusuke; Matsumoto, Mitsutaka; Inoue, Masato; Fukushige, Shinichi (2021): EcoDesign and sustainability. Singapore: Springer.

- Schebek, Liselotte; Herrmann, Christoph; Cerdas, Felipe (2019): Progress in Life Cycle Assessment. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

- Thiede, Sebastian; Hermann, Christoph (2019): Eco-factories of the future. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

- Vorlesungsskript.

• generation of numerical grids with a common grid generator
• selection of models and boundary conditions
• basic numerical simulation with OpenFoam within the TUHH CIP-Pool

• Introduction into partial differential equations
• Basic equations
• Boundary conditions and grids
• Numerical methods
• Finite difference method
• Finite volume method
• Time discretisation and stability
• Population balance
• Multiphase Systems
• Modeling of Turbulent Flows
• Exercises: Stability Analysis 
• Exercises: Example on CFD - analytically/numerically 

Paschedag A.R.: CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik: Allgemeine Grundlagen und mehrphasige Anwendungen, Wiley-VCH, 2004 ISBN 3-527-30994-2.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Numerische Strömungsmechanik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008, ISBN: 3540675868.

Ferziger, J.H.; Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2002, ISBN 3-540-42074-6

• Nonlinear Waves: Stability, pattern formation, solitary states 
• Bottom Boundary layers: wave boundary layers, scour, stability of marine slopes
• Ice-structure interaction
• Wave and tidal current energy conversion

• Chakrabarti, S., Handbook of Offshore Engineering, vol. I&II, Elsevier 2005.
• Mc Cormick, M.E., Ocean Wave Energy Conversion, Dover 2007.
• Infeld, E., Rowlands, G., Nonlinear Waves, Solitons and Chaos, Cambridge 2000.
• Johnson, R.S., A Modern Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Water Waves, Cambridge 1997.
• Lykousis, V. et al., Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, Springer 2007.
• Nielsen, P., Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport, World Scientific 2005.
• Research Articles.

1. methods and procedures from experimental fluid mechanics
2. rational Approaches towards flow physics modelling 
3. selected topics of theoretical computation fluid dynamics
4. turbulent flows 

Wird in der Veranstaltung bekannt gegeben. To be announced during the lecture.

Skript in Papierform im Sekretariat HSU H10 R 310 erhältlich

Traupel Thermische Turbomaschinen Bde 1, 2, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

1988

Oertel, Laurien Numerische Strömungsmechanik Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New

York 2001

Topics:

1. Three dimensional flows in axial grids

2. secondary flows in axial turbomachines,

3. basics of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

4. CFD of turbomachinary

5. basics of radial turbomachines

6. exhaust turbo charger

7. hydrodynamic gears

1. Energy economy
   
2. Hydrogen economy
3. Occurrence and properties of hydrogen
4. Production of hydrogen (from hydrocarbons and by electrolysis)
5. Separation and purification Storage and transport of hydrogen 
6. Security
7. Fuel cells
8. Projects

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung
• Winter, Nitsch: Wasserstoff als Energieträger
• Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
• Kirk, Othmer: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
• Larminie, Dicks: Fuel cell systems explained

• Historical development
• Wind: origins, geographic and temporal distribution, locations
• Power coefficient, rotor thrust
• Aerodynamics of the rotor
• Operating performance
• Power limitation, partial load, pitch and stall control
• Plant selection, yield prediction, economy
• Excursion

Gasch, R., Windkraftanlagen, 4. Auflage, Teubner-Verlag, 2005

• General introduction
• What are biofuels?
• Markets & trends 
• Legal framework
• Greenhouse gas savings 
• Generations of biofuels 
  • first-generation bioethanol 
    • raw materials
    • fermentation distillation 
  • biobutanol / ETBE
  • second-generation bioethanol 
    • bioethanol from straw
  • first-generation biodiesel 
    • raw materials 
    • Production Process
    • Biodiesel & Natural Resources
  • HVO / HEFA 
  • second-generation biodiesel
    • Biodiesel from Algae
• Biogas as fuel
  • the first biogas generation 
    • raw materials 
    • fermentation 
    • purification to biomethane 
  • Biogas second generation and gasification processes
• Methanol / DME from wood and Tall oil ©
  
  

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung
• Drapcho, Nhuan, Walker; Biofuels Engineering Process Technology
• Harwardt; Systematic design of separations for processing of biorenewables
• Kaltschmitt; Hartmann; Energie aus Biomasse: Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren
• Mousdale; Biofuels - Biotechnology, Chemistry and Sustainable Development
• VDI Wärmeatlas
  

• Life Cycle Assessment
  • Good example for the evaluation of CO2 savings potential by alternative fuels - Choice of system boundaries and databases
• Bioethanol production
  • Application task in the basics of thermal separation processes (rectification, extraction) will be discussed. The focus is on a column design, including heat demand, number of stages, reflux ratio ...
• Biodiesel production
  • Procedural options for solid / liquid separation, including basic equations for estimating power, energy demand, selectivity and throughput
• Biomethane production
  • Chemical reactions that are relevant in the production of biofuels, including equilibria, activation energies, shift reactions

Skriptum zur Vorlesung

1) Markets for Agricultural Commodities
What are the major markets and how are markets functioning
Recent trends in world production and consumption.
World trade is growing fast. Logistics. Bottlenecks.
The major countries with surplus production
Growing net import requirements, primarily of China, India and many other countries.
Tariff and non-tariff market barriers. Government interferences.

2) Closer Analysis of Individual Markets
Thomas Mielke will analyze in more detail the global vegetable oil markets, primarily palm oil, soya oil,
rapeseed oil, sunflower oil. Also the raw material (the oilseed) as well as the by-product (oilmeal) will
be included. The major producers and consumers.
Vegetable oils and oilmeals are extracted from the oilseed. The importance of vegetable oils and
animal fats will be highlighted, primarily in the food industry in Europe and worldwide. But in the past
15 years there have also been rapidly rising global requirements of oils & fats for non-food purposes,
primarily as a feedstock for biodiesel but also in the chemical industry.
Importance of oilmeals as an animal feed for the production of livestock and aquaculture
Oilseed area, yields per hectare as well as production of oilseeds. Analysis of the major oilseeds
worldwide. The focus will be on soybeans, rapeseed, sunflowerseed, groundnuts and cottonseed.
Regional differences in productivity. The winners and losers in global agricultural production.

3) Forecasts: Future Global Demand & Production of Vegetable Oils
Big challenges in the years ahead: Lack of arable land for the production of oilseeds, grains and other
crops. Competition with livestock. Lack of water. What are possible solutions? Need for better
education & management, more mechanization, better seed varieties and better inputs to raise yields.
The importance of prices and changes in relative prices to solve market imbalances (shortage
situations as well as surplus situations). How does it work? Time lags.
Rapidly rising population, primarily the number of people considered “middle class” in the years ahead.
Higher disposable income will trigger changing diets in favour of vegetable oils and livestock products.
Urbanization. Today, food consumption per caput is partly still very low in many developing countries,
primarily in Africa, some regions of Asia and in Central America. What changes are to be expected?
The myth and the realities of palm oil in the world of today and tomorrow.
Labour issues curb production growth: Some examples: 1) Shortage of labour in oil palm plantations in
Malaysia. 2) Structural reforms overdue for the agriculture in India, China and other countries to
become more productive and successful, thus improving the standard of living of smallholders.

Goal of this course is it to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological as well as the technical, economic, and environmental basics of all options to provide energy from biomass from a German and international point of view. Additionally different system approaches to use biomass for energy, aspects to integrate bioenergy within the energy system, technical and economic development potentials, and the current and expected future use within the energy system are presented.

The course is structured as follows:

• Biomass as an energy carrier within the energy system; use of biomass in Germany and world-wide, overview on the content of the course
• Photosynthesis, composition of organic matter, plant production, energy crops, residues, organic waste
• Biomass provision chains for woody and herbaceous biomass, harvesting and provision, transport, storage, drying
• Thermo-chemical conversion of solid biofuels
  • Basics of thermo-chemical conversion
  • Direct thermo-chemical conversion through combustion: combustion technologies for small and large scale units, electricity generation technologies, flue gas treatment technologies, ashes and their use
  • Gasification: Gasification technologies, producer gas cleaning technologies, options to use the cleaned producer gas for the provision of heat, electricity and/or fuels
  • Fast and slow pyrolysis: Technologies for the provision of bio-oil and/or for the provision of charcoal, oil cleaning technologies, options to use the pyrolysis oil and charcoal as an energy carrier as well as a raw material
• Physical-chemical conversion of biomass containing oils and/or fats: Basics, oil seeds and oil fruits, vegetable oil production, production of a biofuel with standardized characteristics (trans-esterification, hydrogenation, co-processing in existing refineries), options to use this fuel, options to use the residues (i.e. meal, glycerine)
• Bio-chemical conversion of biomass
  • Basics of bio-chemical conversion
  • Biogas: Process technologies for plants using agricultural feedstock, sewage sludge (sewage gas), organic waste fraction (landfill gas), technologies for the provision of bio methane, use of the digested slurry
  • Ethanol production: Process technologies for feedstock containing sugar, starch or celluloses, use of ethanol as a fuel, use of the stillage

Kaltschmitt, M.; Hartmann, H. (Hrsg.): Energie aus Biomasse; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009, 2. Auflage

The experiments of the practical lab course illustrate the different aspects of heat generation from biogenic solid fuels. First, different biomasses (e.g. wood, straw or agricultural residues) will be investigated; the focus will be on the calorific value of the biomass. Furthermore, the used biomass will be pelletized, the pellet properties analysed and a combustion test carried out on a pellet combustion system. The gaseous and solid pollutant emissions, especially the particulate matter emissions, are measured and the composition of the particulate matter is investigated in a further experiment. Another focus of the practical course is the consideration of options for the reduction of particulate matter emissions from biomass combustion. In the practical course, a method for particulate matter reduction will be developed and tested. All experiments will be evaluated and the results presented.

Within the practical lab course the students discuss different technical-scientific tasks, both subject-specifically and interdisciplinary. They
discuss various approaches to solving the problem and advise on the theoretical or practical implementation.

- Kaltschmitt, Martin; Hartmann, Hans; Hofbauer, Hermann: Energie aus Biomasse: Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren. 3. Auflage. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media, 2016. -ISBN 978-3-662-47437-2
- Versuchsskript

• steaedy-state modelling of electric power systems
  • conventional components
  • Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and HVDC
  • grid modelling
    
• grid operation
  • electric power supply processes
  • grid and power system management
  • grid provision
• grid control systems
  • information and communication systems for power system management
  • IT architectures of bay-, substation and network control level 
  • IT integration (energy market / supply shortfall management / asset management)
  • future trends of process control technology
  • smart grids
• functions and steady-state computations for power system operation and plannung
  
  • load-flow calculations
    
  • sensitivity analysis and power flow control
  • power system optimization
    
  • short-circuit calculation
  • asymmetric failure calculation
    • symmetric components
    • calculation of asymmetric failures
  • state estimation

E. Handschin: Elektrische Energieübertragungssysteme, Hüthig Verlag

B. R. Oswald: Berechnung von Drehstromnetzen, Springer-Vieweg Verlag

V. Crastan: Elektrische Energieversorgung Bd. 1 & 3, Springer Verlag

E.-G. Tietze: Netzleittechnik Bd. 1 & 2, VDE-Verlag

Introduction to Smart Grids

• Intelligent Distribution Grids
• Paradigm shifts: Digitalization & Sustainability

Emerging technologies in distribution grids

• Distributed Energy Resource (DER)
• Battery Energy Storage (BES) technologies
• Sector-coupling & EV/V2G
• Microgrids, Inverter-based Systems
• Modelling and control of PV & BESS

Distribution grid management & analysis

• Distribution grid structure (Hamburg example)
• Distribution grid management and operation architecture and functions
  • Fault Detection, Isolation & Restoration
  • Self-Healing in distribution systems
  • Volt-Var Optimization
  • Distribution Load Flow
• Demand Side Management & Demand Response
• Lab exercise (Smart Grid Operation)

Computational intelligence and optimization techniques in Smart Grids

• Computational challenges in Smart grid
• Heuristic & Analytic Optimization Methods
• Intelligent Systems (Expert Systems, ML/AL)
• Applications (optimal load flow, reactive capacitor placement)
• Lab exercise (optimization formulation)

ICT Technologies for Smart Grids

• Advanced Metering Technologies: Smart Meters, RTU, PMU 
• Telecommunication Systems in Smart Grids (network basics and technologies)
• Interoperability in Smart grids
  • Smart Grid Architecture Model
  • Automation and Communication standards (IEC 61850, c37.118)
• Cyber security
• Lab exercise (Grid automation protocols)

Practical lesson-learned: Stromnetz Hamburg (SNH) perspective

• Definition of Smart Grid and its requirements from industry view
• Grid digitalization - examples of industrial projects
• Flexible load management
• Electromobility & transportation sector integration

Study visits:

• Digital Substation in Harburg
• Electric Bus charging station 

Stromnetz Hamburg Control Center

• Buchholz and Styczynski - 2020 - “Smart Grids: Fundamentals and Technologies in Electric Power Systems of the Future”, Springer
• Bernardon and Garcia - 2018 - “Smart Operation for Power Distribution Systems: Concepts and Applications”, Springer
• Momoh, 2012; “Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis”, Wiley

• General overview of various power-based fuels and their process paths, including power-to-liquid process (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanol synthesis), power-to-gas (Sabatier process)

• Origin, production and use of these fuels

• Vorlesungsskript

• General overview of various advanced biofuels and their process pathways (including gas-to-liquid, HEFA and Alcohol-to-Jet processes)

• Origin, production and use of these fuels

  
  

• Babu, V.: Biofuels Production. Beverly, Mass: Scrivener [u.a.], 2013
• Olsson, L.: Biofuels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007
• William, L. L.: Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation; ISBN-10: 0-471-77888-5
• Perry, R.; Green, R.: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, 20
• Sinnot, R. K.: Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, 2014
• Kaltschmitt, M.; Neuling, U. (Ed.): Biokerosene - Status and Prospects; Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2018

Application of the acquired theoretical knowledge from the respective lectures on the basis of concrete tasks from practice

• Design and simulation of sub-processes of production processes in Aspen Plus ®
• Ecological and economic analysis of fuel supply paths
• Classification of case studies into applicable regulations

• Skriptum zur Vorlesung

• Aspen Plus® - Aspen Plus User Guide

Holistic examination of the different fuel paths with the following main topics, among others:

• Consideration of the environmental impact of the various alternative fuels
• Economic consideration of the different alternative fuels
• Regulatory framework for alternative fuels
• Certification of alternative fuels
• Market introduction models of alternative fuels